The Hypericum genus, commonly known as St. John’s Wort, is a diverse group of plants recognized for their bright yellow flowers and vibrant berries. Hypericum berries are not considered edible and should be treated with caution. While these small fruits are used in floral arrangements and landscapes, consumption can lead to adverse physical reactions. This applies to the berries across most species within the genus.
The Safety Status of Hypericum Berries
The berries of plants in the Hypericum genus are generally classified as mildly poisonous and non-edible. They contain compounds that are toxic enough to cause adverse effects in humans and pets, typically relating to the digestive system.
The level of toxicity can vary between species, but the safest approach is to assume all berries are unsafe. Consumption is strongly discouraged for children and pets, as their smaller body mass makes them more susceptible. Even ornamental berries found in bouquets pose this ingestion risk.
Why Confusion Exists Between Hypericum Species
Confusion surrounding the berries stems from the medicinal fame of one species, Hypericum perforatum, or common St. John’s Wort. This plant has a history of use in herbal remedies, but the beneficial properties are concentrated in its flowers and leaves, not its berries. The leaves and flowers contain the compounds studied for properties affecting mood and nerve function.
Many Hypericum plants that produce colorful berries are different species cultivated specifically for ornamental use. For instance, species like Hypericum androsaemum (Tutsan) are grown for their appealing fruit clusters, which are distinct from the seed capsules of H. perforatum. The medicinal reputation of the genus does not extend to the berries, which remain a source of plant toxins.
Common Symptoms of Ingestion
The primary reason Hypericum berries are toxic is the presence of Hypericin, a compound found throughout the plant. Hypericin acts as a photosensitizing agent and is responsible for concerning reactions following ingestion. Immediate reactions are typically confined to the gastrointestinal tract, manifesting as nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and diarrhea.
A delayed, significant reaction is phototoxicity, a severe sensitivity to sunlight caused by Hypericin in the bloodstream. Exposure to sunlight after ingestion can lead to a painful skin reaction, including blistering, inflammation, and a severe sunburn-like rash. This dermal reaction is pronounced in light-skinned individuals or animals and can take a day or two to develop. The severity of both the gastrointestinal upset and the photosensitivity depends on the quantity of berries consumed and the individual’s sensitivity.
Immediate Steps Following Exposure
If an adult, child, or pet has ingested Hypericum berries, seek expert medical advice without delay. Contact the national Poison Control Center immediately, even if the person or animal appears well. The national hotline number is 1-800-222-1222 in the United States and connects you with a specialist who can assess the risk based on the quantity and species ingested.
Have the person’s age, weight, and the estimated number of berries consumed ready for the specialist. Do not attempt to induce vomiting unless a medical professional specifically instructs you to do so, as this can cause more harm. Following the initial call, monitor the exposed individual closely for signs of gastrointestinal distress or unusual skin sensitivity after sun exposure.