The simple answer to whether brown bears, commonly known as grizzlies, are currently established in Utah is no. The species was eliminated from the state nearly a century ago, and there are no known breeding populations today. However, understanding the grizzly’s past presence and the reality of the bears that do live in Utah requires exploring the context.
Current Status of Utah’s Grizzly Bears
The grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) is officially classified as extirpated from Utah, meaning the species has been eliminated from the wild environment. Utah is not designated as an active grizzly bear recovery zone, which is primarily centered on the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and the Northern Continental Divide. The state’s wildlife management plan does not account for an established population, although individuals occasionally roam near the northern border as the species expands its range.
Grizzly bears are distinguishable by a pronounced muscle mass over their shoulders, which creates a visible hump. They also possess a concave facial profile and long, gently curved claws adapted for digging. Adult male grizzlies are significantly larger than any other bear species, often weighing between 400 and 700 pounds.
The Dominant Bear Species in Utah
The only bear species with an established, reproducing population in the state is the American Black Bear (Ursus americanus). Utah’s black bear population is estimated to be around 4,000 animals, inhabiting most forested mountain ranges, usually at elevations between 7,000 and 10,000 feet. These bears are adaptable omnivores, with a diet consisting of approximately 90% plant matter, including grasses, berries, and nuts.
Black bears differ from grizzlies in physical characteristics, though their coat color can range from black to cinnamon or light brown. They lack the shoulder hump and have a straight facial profile with a longer snout. Their claws are shorter and sharply curved, making them excellent tree climbers, which is their primary defense mechanism. Male black bears typically weigh between 180 and 350 pounds.
Utah’s Grizzly History and Extirpation
Before European settlement, grizzly bears were a prominent part of Utah’s ecosystem, covering nearly all mountainous and forested areas. Their decline began rapidly with the influx of settlers in the mid-19th century. Grizzlies were viewed as a threat to livestock and human safety, leading to widespread hunting and poisoning.
As human development reduced their available habitat, the species was eliminated over several decades. The last confirmed grizzly bear in Utah was killed in 1923 in Logan Canyon, an animal known as “Old Ephraim.” This event marked the official end of the grizzly’s presence, leading to the species’ classification as extirpated from the state.
Avoiding Conflicts with Wild Bears
Since black bears are widespread throughout Utah, learning to coexist with them is important for recreating and living in bear country. Human-bear conflicts are directly related to unsecured food sources, as bears possess an acute sense of smell. Properly managing attractants is the most effective way to prevent a negative encounter.
When camping, all food, trash, and scented items (like toothpaste and deodorant) must be secured in a locked vehicle, a bear-proof container, or properly suspended away from the campsite. It is also important to thoroughly clean picnic tables and cooking utensils to eliminate residual odors.
For residents in foothill areas, securing garbage cans in a garage or shed is necessary. Removing bird feeders, pet food, and fallen fruit from yards will also discourage bears from approaching homes.
If an encounter with a black bear occurs, stand your ground, appear large, and make noise to encourage the bear to leave. Never run, as this can trigger a chase response. Carrying and knowing how to use bear spray is a recommended precaution for anyone hiking or camping in remote areas.