Yes, chiggers, which are the parasitic larval stage of the Trombiculidae mite family, are present in New York State. The presence of these tiny arachnids, sometimes called harvest mites or red bugs, is most noticeable during the warmer months from late spring through early autumn. While the adult mites are harmless, the larval stage is responsible for the intensely itchy bites encountered by humans and animals.
Distribution and Typical Habitats
Chiggers are commonly found throughout New York State, especially in areas offering the high humidity and warmth they require to thrive. These mites prefer transitional zones between open fields and dense woods, where vegetation is heavy and moisture is trapped near the ground. Habitats include tall grass, overgrown fields, wooded edges, and areas near lakes or streams.
They are less likely to be found in well-maintained lawns because short vegetation exposes the ground to more sunlight and drying winds. The mites congregate on the tips of leaves and blades of grass, waiting for a host to brush past. They are generally associated with moist, natural environments across the state.
Recognizing the Bites
A chigger bite itself is painless, and the intense itching typically begins several hours after the mite has detached from the skin. The mite does not burrow into the skin, contrary to a common misunderstanding. Instead, the larva uses blade-like mouthparts to cut into the skin and inject a digestive enzyme.
This enzyme dissolves skin cells, creating a hardened tube of tissue called a stylostome, through which the mite consumes the liquefied tissue. The resulting reaction is an intensely itchy, small, red welt or pimple-like bump, sometimes appearing in clusters. Bites are most often located where clothing fits tightly against the body, such as around the ankles, waistline, or behind the knees. The itching often peaks within 24 to 48 hours and can persist for up to two weeks. Scratching these welts can break the skin barrier, potentially leading to a secondary bacterial infection.
Immediate Relief and Symptom Management
After potential exposure, immediately shower with soap and water, scrubbing the skin vigorously with a washcloth to help dislodge any chigger larvae. Washing all clothing worn during the exposure in hot, soapy water is also advisable to kill any remaining mites.
Once the itchy welts appear, treatment focuses on relieving the inflammatory reaction caused by the injected enzymes. Topical anti-itch products containing hydrocortisone, calamine lotion, or benzocaine can be applied directly to the bites to soothe the discomfort. Oral antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine, can also be taken to help reduce the body’s overall allergic response and manage the itching.
Applying a cool compress or an ice pack to the affected area can help reduce swelling and provide temporary relief from the irritation. It is important to avoid scratching the bites, which can lead to open sores and secondary infections.
Strategies for Avoiding Contact
Avoiding chigger bites involves practicing proactive measures when spending time in high-risk environments like overgrown fields or shaded, moist areas. Wearing protective clothing creates a physical barrier against the tiny mites. This includes long-sleeved shirts and long pants, which should be tucked into socks or boots.
Applying an insect repellent containing DEET to exposed skin offers a good layer of defense against chiggers. For clothing, an insecticide product with permethrin can be applied, as this chemical remains effective through several washings. It is important to treat clothing rather than applying permethrin directly to the skin.
When hiking or working outdoors, stay on cleared paths and avoid brushing against tall grasses and thick brush where chiggers wait. After returning indoors, remove and launder all clothing immediately, and take a thorough shower. Keeping lawns mowed short and trimming back dense vegetation around the home also helps reduce the local chigger population.