The term “no-see-ums” is a common nickname for minute flies known scientifically as biting midges (family Ceratopogonidae). These insects are nearly invisible to the naked eye, yet their bite causes disproportionately painful and irritating reactions. Understanding their presence and behavior in Ohio is key to effective management. This article addresses their identification, seasonal patterns, and strategies for protection and control within the state.
Identification of Biting Midges in Ohio
Biting midges are present in Ohio, primarily species from the genus Culicoides, which pose a threat to humans and livestock. These adult flies are exceptionally small, typically measuring between 1 and 3 millimeters in length. Their dark, stocky bodies and often patterned wings are barely visible, making them difficult to spot before they bite.
Female midges possess specialized mouthparts that slice into the skin to access a blood meal necessary for egg production. This feeding action causes immediate, sharp pain, which quickly develops into an intensely itchy, reddish welt or small blister. Unlike mosquitoes, which probe, midges lacerate the skin, resulting in a characteristic burning sensation.
Seasonal Activity and Preferred Habitats
Biting midge activity in Ohio is tied to warm, humid conditions, emerging in late spring and remaining active through early fall. Peak populations occur during the height of summer, specifically June and July, when high temperatures and humidity expedite the midge life cycle.
Midges are most likely to bite during periods of low light and calm air, primarily around dawn and dusk. They develop in moist, organic-rich environments, including muddy banks, marshy areas, and decaying vegetation. In residential settings, this includes damp soil, water-logged planters, or areas near slow-moving water sources, as their larvae must remain moist to survive.
Personal Protection Strategies
Protecting exposed skin with an effective topical repellent is the most reliable way to deter biting midges outdoors. Repellents containing active ingredients like DEET or Picaridin are recommended due to their demonstrated efficacy against these pests. While higher concentrations of DEET offer longer protection, it is important to follow all label instructions, especially when applying to children.
Tightly woven clothing provides a physical barrier against the insects. Permethrin-treated clothing offers an additional layer of chemical protection, as this repellent is applied directly to fabric and interferes with the insect’s nervous system. Wearing long sleeves and pants, particularly during peak activity hours, reduces the available surface area for biting. Behavioral adjustments, such as using an electric fan on patios or avoiding outdoor activities around dawn and dusk, are also effective, as midges are weak fliers and struggle against moving air.
Reducing No-See-Um Populations Around the Home
Modifying the immediate residential environment is the most effective long-term strategy for reducing midge populations. Since the larvae require moist substrate, eliminating sources of standing water and saturated soil is paramount. This involves removing water from containers, ensuring proper drainage, and allowing overly damp spots, such as those near air conditioning units or over-irrigated turf, to dry out.
Structural exclusion is necessary because standard window screens, typically featuring an 18×16 mesh size, are not fine enough to block midges. To prevent indoor entry, homeowners should install specialized no-see-um screening with a tighter weave, generally rated at 20×20 mesh or finer. This fine mesh physically blocks the insects while still allowing for air circulation. Since midges are attracted to light, switching exterior lights to yellow “bug lights” or reducing outdoor illumination at night makes the home less appealing to swarming adults.