Opossums are a common sight across the state of Florida. The species found here is the Virginia Opossum (Didelphis virginiana), which is the only native marsupial in North America. This highly adaptable animal has successfully colonized nearly every terrestrial habitat type in Florida. Its presence is confirmed from the panhandle down to the southern tip of the peninsula.
The Virginia Opossum in Florida
The Virginia Opossum is easily identifiable by its coarse, grayish-white fur, pointed snout, and dark, almost hairless ears. Adults in Florida typically average around four pounds, with a body length between 14 and 19 inches, excluding the tail. A distinctive feature is their long, nearly hairless prehensile tail, which can be up to 17 inches long and serves as a grasping aid when climbing.
They possess opposable inner toes (hallux) on their hind feet, providing dexterity for navigating branches and fences. As a marsupial, the female carries her underdeveloped young in an abdominal pouch called a marsupium. The young are born about the size of a honeybee. The opossum is found statewide, inhabiting natural wetlands and woodlands, as well as highly developed urban and suburban environments.
Unique Behaviors and Misconceptions
Opossums are primarily solitary and nocturnal, meaning they are most active between dusk and dawn while foraging for food. Their diet is opportunistic and varied, classifying them as omnivores. They consume a wide range of items, including fruits, insects, small rodents, carrion, and eggs. This broad diet contributes to their reputation as effective natural pest controllers.
The animal’s most famous defensive mechanism is the involuntary reaction of “playing possum,” a catatonic state triggered by extreme fear. During this reaction, the animal collapses, becomes limp, and releases a foul-smelling fluid from its anal glands, mimicking the appearance and odor of a deceased animal. This physiological response can last from several minutes up to four hours, confusing predators long enough for the opossum to safely recover and escape.
A common misconception is that opossums frequently carry rabies, but their naturally low body temperature makes it difficult for the virus to survive and spread. Their grooming habits have also been linked to the destruction of many ticks, reducing the local population of these parasites.
Coexisting with Opossums
Because opossums are highly adaptable and forage widely, their nightly activities often bring them into conflict with residents, typically centered on food sources and shelter. Common nuisance issues include raiding unsecured garbage cans, consuming pet food left outdoors, and seeking shelter under decks, sheds, or accessible attics. These areas provide the dark, safe spaces the animals prefer for denning.
To mitigate these conflicts, residents can focus on eliminating attractants and sealing entry points. All outdoor food sources should be removed, including securing pet food dishes before dark and picking up fallen fruit from yards. Ensuring that garbage bins have tight-fitting, secure lids is a simple and effective deterrent.
For structural protection, homeowners should inspect crawl spaces and beneath porches or sheds. Seal any openings larger than three inches in diameter with wire mesh or sturdy materials. While generally timid, opossums can carry external parasites like fleas and ticks. Diseases such as leptospirosis and salmonella can also be transmitted through their urine and feces. Avoid direct contact and consult a licensed wildlife professional for removal if an opossum has taken up residence inside a structure.