Wild bears are present in Texas, specifically the American Black Bear (Ursus americanus). The species is protected under state law. While they were nearly eradicated decades ago, their population is currently growing and reestablishing itself, primarily in the mountainous parts of West Texas.
The Species Returning to Texas
The American Black Bear is the only bear species found in Texas. Its presence was nearly extinguished by the mid-20th century due to unregulated hunting and extensive habitat loss, leaving the species a rare sight for many decades. Historically, the state was home to different subspecies, including the Mexican Black Bear and the Louisiana Black Bear.
Recolonization is occurring naturally, driven by bears migrating from adjacent states and Mexico. Bears from northern Mexico and New Mexico are moving into the Trans-Pecos region, establishing a resident population. Transient bears, mostly young males, occasionally wander into East Texas from established populations in Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana.
Where Texas Bears Live Today
The only established breeding population of black bears in Texas is found in the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas. This population is centered around isolated mountain ranges, particularly Big Bend National Park and the surrounding Chisos, Davis, and Guadalupe Mountains. These bears utilize high-elevation woodlands and desert scrub habitats, which offer cover, water sources, and food. Confirmed breeding evidence extends their core range into counties like Val Verde and Crockett.
Transient sightings occur across the state, indicating bears are moving far outside the established breeding areas. In East Texas, bears occasionally cross the border from neighboring states into dense woodlands. Sightings have also been reported in the Central Texas Hill Country and the Panhandle, demonstrating the species’ capacity for long-distance travel.
Current Management and Protected Status
The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) manages the American Black Bear under the designation of a state-threatened species. This classification reflects the species’ low numbers and ongoing recovery efforts. Because of this protected status, the hunting, trapping, capturing, or killing of black bears is strictly prohibited by law across Texas. Violations can result in substantial fines and legal penalties.
The TPWD monitors and researches the species’ recolonization rate and distribution. Biologists rely on public reports and field research to understand bear movement patterns and population growth. This data informs management strategies focused on non-lethal conflict resolution and public education. The goal is to support the bear’s natural recovery while minimizing human-bear conflicts.
Guidelines for Coexisting with Bears
Preventing conflicts with black bears relies heavily on securing attractants that draw them into human-occupied areas. Bears have an exceptional sense of smell and are primarily motivated by easily accessible food sources. Homeowners and campers in bear country should secure all garbage in bear-proof containers or store it inside until collection day. Feeders for pets, livestock, and birds must be removed or secured, as the food is a potent attractant.
When camping or recreating, all food, cooking utensils, and anything with a strong scent should be stored in a bear-resistant container or hung far out of reach. In the event of a direct encounter, remain calm and never run, as running may trigger a chase response. Instead, stand your ground, make yourself appear large by raising your arms, and speak loudly to let the bear know you are a human presence. If a black bear approaches, fight back aggressively, using any available object, as this species rarely persists in an attack when confronted.