A cystoscopy is a common medical procedure where a physician uses a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera to look directly inside the bladder and urethra. It is used to diagnose and treat issues like urinary tract bleeding, recurrent infections, or bladder tumors. While generally safe, there is a valid risk of developing a urinary tract infection (UTI) following this invasive urological examination. This article addresses that risk and the steps taken to prevent infection.
Why the Infection Risk Exists
A cystoscopy carries a risk of infection because it introduces an instrument into the urinary tract. The cystoscope must pass through the urethra, which naturally harbors bacteria, and into the bladder. This instrumentation can inadvertently push bacteria into the bladder, initiating an infection.
The lining of the urinary tract may also be minimally disrupted, allowing introduced bacteria to colonize and multiply. While the risk of a symptomatic UTI is low, reported rates generally fall between 1.9% and 4.3% of patients. This risk is why healthcare providers prioritize sterile technique during the examination.
Recognizing Post-Procedure Symptoms
It is important to distinguish between normal, temporary discomfort and the signs of a developing UTI. Immediately following the procedure, patients commonly experience mild burning, soreness when urinating, increased frequency, or pink-tinged urine. These mild irritations typically resolve within one or two days.
A persistent or worsening burning sensation after 48 hours is one of the first indicators that a problem might be developing. Other signs of infection include cloudy urine or a strong, foul odor.
More serious symptoms, such as a fever of 38 degrees Celsius or higher, chills, or new pain in the lower back or abdomen, suggest a more serious infection that requires immediate medical attention. If these symptoms appear or if the initial mild irritation does not improve after a couple of days, you should contact your healthcare provider right away.
Steps Taken to Minimize Risk
Medical teams take several measures to mitigate infection risk, beginning with strict procedural hygiene. This includes the rigorous use of sterile technique and using single-use or thoroughly disinfected instruments to prevent the introduction of microorganisms.
For high-risk patients—such as those with recurrent UTIs, diabetes, immunosuppression, or an indwelling catheter—antibiotic prophylaxis is frequently administered. This involves giving a single dose of an appropriate antibiotic shortly before the procedure. The timing ensures the antibiotic reaches a therapeutic concentration in the urine when the instrument is introduced.
Patients are also instructed to follow specific home care to prevent bacterial growth. Drinking plenty of water is recommended to increase urine flow and wash out any bacteria that may have entered the bladder. Frequent urination is also encouraged to ensure the bladder is emptied regularly, which helps reduce bacterial load and irritation.