A stye (hordeolum) is a common, painful, red, pimple-like bump located along the edge of the eyelid. It forms when a small oil gland or an eyelash follicle becomes obstructed and develops an infection. The discomfort and swelling lead to questions about resuming daily activities, especially those involving water exposure. Understanding the nature of this infection is important for deciding whether swimming is advisable.
Understanding a Stye’s Infectious Nature
A stye develops from an acute bacterial infection, most frequently caused by Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium commonly found on human skin. The bacteria infect the sebaceous glands near the eyelash follicle (external stye) or the deeper meibomian glands (internal stye). This results in a localized pocket of pus and inflammation at the site of the blocked gland. If the stye ruptures or drains, the infectious material can spread through direct contact or shared items. This bacterial presence is the underlying reason for caution when engaging in activities like swimming.
Direct Guidance on Swimming
It is generally recommended to avoid swimming in all types of water—including pools, hot tubs, lakes, and oceans—until the stye has fully resolved. This is the simplest and safest way to prevent complications and potential transmission. The inflamed skin around the stye is compromised and less capable of defending against external irritants and pathogens. If complete abstinence is not possible, wearing well-fitting, leak-proof swimming goggles can offer some protection. However, goggles cannot completely eliminate the risk, especially if the stye is actively draining or if the wearer frequently touches the area.
Risks of Water Exposure
Exposure to water while a stye is present introduces two primary risks: risk to the individual and risk of transmission.
Risk to the Individual
Water exposure can significantly delay the healing process and exacerbate the current inflammation. Chlorinated water often strips away the eye’s natural protective tear film, causing dryness and chemical irritation that worsens swelling and tenderness. Furthermore, water exposure increases the risk of a secondary infection if the stye has ruptured or is close to draining. The compromised tissue is vulnerable to waterborne pathogens, even in treated pools, while natural bodies of water pose a higher risk due to greater microorganism concentration.
Risk of Transmission
Mechanical irritation from water flow or rubbing the eye after swimming can cause the stye to rupture prematurely, spreading bacteria deeper into the eyelid tissue. The second concern is the theoretical risk of transmission to other swimmers, particularly in shared public water spaces. If the stye drains while in the water, the Staphylococcus bacteria could be released. Although the risk of causing a stye in another person is low, it is an unnecessary possibility to introduce into a shared environment. Wearing goggles can help contain the bacteria and prevent the spread.
Returning to the Water
Resuming swimming is safe once the stye has completely disappeared, and the eyelid is no longer swollen, red, or tender. This typically means waiting until there has been no sign of pus or drainage for at least 24 to 48 hours. Most styes resolve on their own within a week, although some may take longer. The same rules apply regardless of the type of water, whether it is a highly chlorinated swimming pool or a freshwater lake. Maintaining good eyelid hygiene, such as washing the eye area daily and keeping hands clean, is the best practice during and after the healing process to prevent recurrence.