Moles (nevi) can develop on the labia and surrounding genital skin. A mole is a common, benign skin growth resulting from a cluster of melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells responsible for producing melanin. The labia, which is part of the vulva, is composed of skin and mucous membrane tissue, both of which contain these pigment-producing cells. Since melanocytes are present anywhere there is skin, moles can form on any part of the body, including the typically unexposed genital area.
The Possibility and Normalcy of Genital Moles
The presence of moles on the labia and other parts of the vulva, perineum, or inner thighs is a common and normal finding for many individuals. About 10% of women have some form of pigmented lesion on the vulva, and many of these are benign melanocytic nevi. This occurs because melanocytes are present in the basal layer of the epidermis, which forms the outer layer of the skin in the genital region.
Moles form when melanocytes grow in nests or clusters rather than spreading evenly across the skin. While some moles are present from birth, others develop later in life, often during hormonal fluctuation such as puberty or pregnancy. Hormonal shifts, particularly changes in estrogen levels, can stimulate pigment production, leading to the formation of new moles or the darkening of existing ones. The development of a pigmented spot on the labia is a common physiological event.
Distinct Characteristics of Moles in the Genital Region
Moles located on the labia often present with visual characteristics that differ from those found on sun-exposed areas. The vulva is considered a “special site” for moles because the benign lesions here can sometimes exhibit features that might appear unusual elsewhere on the body. For example, a benign subtype known as “atypical genital nevi” occurs in young women and can display microscopic features that overlap with those of melanoma, though their clinical course is benign.
Benign genital moles are frequently darker, often deep brown or black in color. They may also be smoother, flatter, and have slightly less uniform borders compared to typical moles. This atypical appearance in a benign lesion is a known phenomenon in the genital region, which is a moist area subject to friction and pressure. Awareness of these differences is important for self-examination, as it helps distinguish a naturally unusual-looking benign mole from a potentially problematic lesion.
Assessing Risk When a Genital Mole Needs Attention
While most pigmented spots on the labia are harmless, the genital area can develop vulvar melanoma, a rare but aggressive form of skin cancer. Vulvar melanomas account for a small percentage of all melanomas in women, but diagnosis is often delayed because the location is not typically included in routine self-examinations. This delayed detection contributes to a worse prognosis compared to melanomas found on sun-exposed skin.
The most important sign that a mole requires professional evaluation is any noticeable change in its appearance or any new symptom. Healthcare providers often use the principles of the ABCDE rule to assess risk. A lesion should be examined if it is asymmetrical, has an irregular border, or contains multiple colors. A diameter greater than six millimeters also raises suspicion.
Beyond visual changes, certain physical symptoms indicate a mole needs immediate medical attention. These include persistent itching, pain, tenderness, or any abnormal bleeding or discharge not related to the menstrual cycle. A mole that begins to bleed, ulcerate, or form an open sore that lasts for more than a month is also a concern. If any pigmented spot on the labia exhibits rapid change or develops these symptoms, consult a dermatologist or gynecologist for proper diagnosis and monitoring.