The Wax Myrtle (Morella cerifera) is a popular evergreen shrub or small tree native to the southeastern United States. Deer generally do not eat Wax Myrtle, as the plant is widely considered deer-resistant due to its natural characteristics. While deer typically pass over it for more palatable vegetation, no plant is entirely deer-proof. This shrub is categorized as “rarely damaged” in most landscapes, but consumption can occur under specific environmental pressures.
Why Wax Myrtle is Not a Preferred Food Source
The primary reason deer avoid browsing on Wax Myrtle is the presence of defensive chemical compounds within the foliage. The leaves contain a high concentration of aromatic oils and resins, which produce a distinct, spicy fragrance when crushed. These compounds are terpenes, which act as a natural deterrent to herbivores.
The strong, pungent odor and flavor imparted by these terpenes make the leaves and stems unpalatable to deer. This natural chemical defense discourages browsing. Furthermore, the foliage is relatively waxy, which contributes to an undesirable texture for grazing animals. Under normal foraging conditions, deer select plants that are more digestible, rendering the Wax Myrtle unappealing as a food source.
Environmental Factors Triggering Consumption
While Wax Myrtle is naturally unpalatable, deer may ignore these deterrents when preferred food sources become scarce. Consumption is typically stress-related, occurring when deer populations are high or when severe environmental conditions limit forage availability. During harsh winters or prolonged drought periods, deer are forced to browse on any available plant material to prevent starvation.
In conditions of extreme resource scarcity, the deer’s drive to survive overrides its natural aversion to the plant’s aromatic compounds. Young specimens or newly emerging, tender foliage are particularly susceptible to being sampled because new growth has not yet fully developed the oil concentration found in mature leaves. Landscaping plants that are excessively fertilized and lush may also be sampled due to their higher water content.
Minimizing Deer Damage to Wax Myrtle
For property owners dealing with consistent deer pressure, implementing protective measures can safeguard Wax Myrtle specimens. The most effective long-term solution involves physical barriers, such as installing an exclusion fence at least eight feet high around the landscape area. For individual young shrubs, temporary wire cages or netting can protect vulnerable new growth until the plant matures.
In areas where fencing is impractical, commercial deer repellents offer a temporary solution by making the plants taste foul or smell unpleasant. These products, which often contain ingredients like putrefied egg solids or capsaicin, must be re-applied frequently, especially after heavy rain or on new growth. Rotating between different repellent types is also recommended, as deer can become habituated to a single odor or taste over time.