Boswellia serrata, commonly known as Indian frankincense, is a traditional herbal remedy used in Ayurvedic medicine for centuries. Its primary use has historically been for its anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties, particularly for conditions like arthritis and asthma. Researchers are now exploring its potential influence on cardiovascular health and blood pressure regulation. While Boswellia is not a recognized treatment for high blood pressure, the mechanisms by which it combats inflammation have led to interest in its systemic effects.
Defining Boswellia and Its Active Components
The source of this anti-inflammatory supplement is the gum resin, or sap, collected from the bark of the Boswellia serrata tree, native to dry, mountainous regions of India and parts of Africa. This resin is often referred to by its traditional name, Indian frankincense, and is distinct from the essential oil used in aromatherapy. The therapeutic activity of the resin is primarily attributed to triterpenoids, specifically the boswellic acids. Among these, acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) is consistently identified as the most potent inhibitor of inflammatory pathways. Standardized Boswellia extracts are typically formulated to contain a specific concentration of these boswellic acids.
How Boswellia Influences Systemic Inflammation
Boswellia’s primary function is to address chronic, low-grade systemic inflammation, a condition increasingly linked to the development and progression of various diseases, including high blood pressure. The active boswellic acids work by targeting the enzyme 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX). This enzyme is a key player in the body’s inflammatory cascade, converting a fatty acid into pro-inflammatory molecules called leukotrienes. By inhibiting 5-LOX, boswellic acids effectively block the synthesis of these damaging leukotrienes. This mechanism is distinct from that of common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Reducing systemic inflammation through 5-LOX inhibition provides a foundational context for potential cardiovascular benefits.
Specific Mechanisms Affecting Blood Pressure
The connection between Boswellia and blood pressure regulation moves beyond its general anti-inflammatory effects to include more direct actions on the vascular system. Chronic inflammation contributes to endothelial dysfunction, which is the impaired ability of the blood vessel lining to relax and widen. Preliminary research suggests that beta-boswellic acid may help protect the endothelium and improve its function. This protective effect is achieved through the activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which increases the production of nitric oxide (NO). Nitric oxide is a powerful signaling molecule that prompts blood vessels to relax, a process called vasodilation, which naturally lowers blood pressure. Boswellia has also been observed to possess antithrombotic and anticoagulant properties. Some scientific reviews note that Boswellia may regulate blood pressure by modulating vascular tone and exhibiting mild diuretic effects. However, definitive, large-scale human clinical trials proving Boswellia is an effective antihypertensive treatment are currently lacking.
Usage Guidelines and Medication Interactions
Boswellia is generally considered safe for most healthy adults when taken at standard recommended dosages, typically ranging from 300 to 400 milligrams of a standardized extract, two to three times daily. Extracts are usually standardized to contain 60% to 65% total boswellic acids. The supplement is commonly available in capsule or tablet form and may be better absorbed when taken with a meal containing fat. Individuals taking prescription medications, especially for high blood pressure or other cardiovascular conditions, must consult a healthcare provider before starting Boswellia. The herb’s potential to influence blood flow and coagulation means it may potentiate the effects of blood thinners, such as warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding. Boswellia may also interact with liver enzymes that metabolize many prescription drugs, including some calcium channel blockers or beta-blockers, potentially altering their effectiveness.