Georgia is home to a healthy and growing population of Black Bears (Ursus americanus). State wildlife officials estimate the statewide population at approximately 5,100 bears, a significant recovery from historical lows caused by habitat loss and unregulated hunting. These bears are distributed across the state but are concentrated in three distinct population centers, with younger males often roaming widely in search of new territory.
The Bear Species of Georgia
The Black Bear is the only bear species found in Georgia. Adult males can weigh over 500 pounds, while females typically weigh up to 300 pounds. An adult bear can measure up to six feet in length and stand about three feet high at the shoulder.
Although named “Black Bears,” their coloration in Georgia is predominantly black, though some individuals may have white chest markings. These omnivorous animals have a diverse diet, naturally consisting of berries, fruits, acorns, grasses, insects, and small mammals.
Black bears enter a state of winter torpor, or light sleep, rather than true hibernation. This period generally lasts from late December through April in North Georgia.
Breeding occurs in July, and cubs are born in the den in late January or February. Females are more likely to den than males. The timing of denning is influenced by the availability of natural food sources, photoperiod, and temperature. Bears relying on human-provided food sources like trash may delay or skip denning if they have not built up sufficient fat reserves.
Where Bears Live in Georgia
Black bears are concentrated in three major regions, though their range is expanding due to population growth and development pressure. The largest population resides in the mountainous terrain of North Georgia, particularly within the Chattahoochee National Forest. This northern group is connected to broader Appalachian Mountain populations in neighboring states.
A smaller population is found in Central Georgia along the Ocmulgee River drainage system, centered around the Ocmulgee and Oaky Woods Wildlife Management Areas. This central group is geographically isolated from the northern and southern populations, which presents management challenges, including issues with genetic diversity.
The third distinct population is located in the Okefenokee Swamp and the surrounding coastal plain in Southeast Georgia, extending into Florida. Sightings are increasingly common in suburban areas as young males disperse and bears follow food corridors. The Georgia Department of Natural Resources (DNR) monitors these populations using GPS tracking collars and hair snare corrals to inform management strategies. Habitat fragmentation and urban sprawl contribute to non-hunting mortality, such as bear-vehicle collisions.
Living with Bears
Coexisting with bears requires residents to actively remove or secure potential food attractants to prevent conflicts. The most common attractants are unsecured garbage, birdseed, and outdoor pet food. To minimize issues, garbage containers should be secured in a locked building, such as a garage, until collection day.
Bird feeders should be removed entirely when bears are active, particularly during spring and late summer when natural food sources are scarce. Pet food should be fed in portion sizes that are completely eaten in one sitting, and all leftovers must be brought indoors immediately. Outdoor grills must be thoroughly cleaned after use to remove all grease and food residue before being stored securely.
If an encounter occurs, remain calm and never run, as running can trigger a chase response. Individuals should stand their ground, make themselves appear larger by waving their arms, and speak in a firm voice. Carrying bear spray is suggested for outdoor activities, as it is a proven deterrent. If a black bear makes physical contact, fight back aggressively, aiming for the face and muzzle, as playing dead is not recommended.