Migraine is a neurological disorder characterized by recurring attacks involving throbbing pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. The relationship between this debilitating condition and sexual activity is frequently discussed, as anecdotal reports of pain relief or worsening symptoms are common. Medical science is exploring the physiological outcomes and neurochemical mechanisms involved. For some, sexual activity can offer natural therapy, while for others, it may trigger pain.
The Scientific Findings: Does Sexual Activity Affect Migraines?
Clinical literature confirms that the effect of sexual activity on an existing migraine attack is variable. Studies show that sexual activity can result in relief, aggravation, or no change in pain intensity. An observational study found that approximately 60% of migraine patients who engaged in sexual activity during an attack reported improvement in their symptoms. This relief was often significant, with many experiencing moderate to complete alleviation of their pain.
The findings also reveal that about one-third of migraine sufferers who had sex during an attack reported that their headache pain worsened. This diversity of outcomes highlights why the medical community does not universally recommend sexual activity as a migraine treatment. Instead, they acknowledge its potential for both benefit and harm.
The Pain Relief Mechanism (Endorphin Release)
The mechanism explaining pain relief centers on the brain’s natural pain-modulating chemicals. Orgasm and high levels of sexual arousal trigger a release of endogenous opioids (endorphins). These powerful neurochemicals function as the body’s natural painkillers, interacting with pain pathways in the central nervous system.
This surge of endorphins can effectively interrupt a developing migraine or dull the intensity of an existing one by binding to the same receptors targeted by opioid pain medications. Sexual activity also releases mood-modulating neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, which may contribute to overall well-being and pain desensitization.
The benefit appears directly tied to achieving orgasm, suggesting that any form of sexual activity, including masturbation, has the potential for pain relief. The release of oxytocin, sometimes called the “love hormone,” also accompanies arousal and orgasm, further contributing to pain reduction and stress relief.
Potential for Worsening or Triggering Headaches
Some individuals experience a worsening of their migraine or the development of a new headache triggered by sexual activity. One common mechanism for this negative effect is exertional headaches. Sexual activity, particularly leading up to and including orgasm, involves physical strain, muscle tension, and a temporary spike in blood pressure and heart rate. This physical exertion can aggravate symptoms in people prone to activity-induced headaches.
A more specific concern is Primary Headache Associated with Sexual Activity (PHASA). PHASA is a distinct headache disorder that occurs only during or after sexual activity and can manifest in two ways. One type is a dull pain that progressively increases with mounting sexual excitement, often felt in the back of the head. The second type is a sudden, explosive headache of severe intensity that occurs just before or at the moment of orgasm.
Although PHASA is considered benign, any sudden and severe headache triggered by sexual activity necessitates an urgent medical evaluation. This rapid onset, often described as a “thunderclap” headache, requires immediate assessment. Doctors must rule out dangerous underlying conditions, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage or reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS). The intense physical effort during sex is thought to be a factor in triggering this type of headache.