Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a type of staph infection resistant to several common antibiotics, making it challenging to treat. This bacterium is a significant concern in both healthcare settings and the wider community due to its ability to cause serious infections. Understanding how long MRSA can persist on various environmental surfaces is important for public health, as it directly impacts the potential for transmission and the effectiveness of infection control measures.
How Long MRSA Survives on Different Surfaces
MRSA demonstrates varying survival times across different types of surfaces, ranging from days to several months, influenced by the material and environmental conditions. Hard, non-porous surfaces generally support longer survival compared to porous materials. MRSA can persist on hard surfaces like plastic, stainless steel, and glass for days to months, with some studies indicating survival on plastic for up to seven months under optimal conditions. This persistence makes hospital equipment, doorknobs, and countertops common sites for contamination.
On metal surfaces, such as stainless steel, MRSA can remain viable for at least 30 days under low humidity conditions. On copper surfaces, MRSA is eliminated much more quickly, often within 45 to 90 minutes. For fabrics and other soft surfaces, MRSA can also survive for extended periods. It has been found to persist on cotton for up to 21 days and on polyester for up to 7 days. On hospital bed linens, MRSA can remain viable for up to nine weeks.
Environmental Factors Affecting MRSA Survival
The duration MRSA remains viable on surfaces is significantly influenced by several environmental factors. Humidity and temperature play important roles, with higher humidity and lower temperatures generally extending the bacterium’s viability. MRSA can survive longer in dry conditions than in high humidity environments. Conversely, colder temperatures can allow bacteria to survive longer on certain materials.
The presence of organic matter also impacts MRSA survival. Substances like dust or bodily fluids can provide a protective layer, allowing the bacteria to persist for longer periods. Surface material itself is another factor, as porous surfaces tend to harbor MRSA longer than smooth ones due to bacterial adhesion and protection from environmental conditions.
Reducing MRSA Transmission from Surfaces
Minimizing MRSA transmission from surfaces involves consistent and appropriate hygiene practices. Hand hygiene is an effective way to prevent the spread of MRSA, emphasizing frequent hand washing with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand sanitizer. This is particularly important after touching wounds or changing bandages.
Routine cleaning and disinfection of frequently touched surfaces are also important. Disinfectants registered by the EPA and labeled as effective against Staphylococcus aureus can be used to clean surfaces in homes and public spaces. For effective disinfection, it is important to follow product instructions regarding contact time and application. Avoiding the sharing of personal items such as towels, razors, and athletic equipment can help reduce transmission. Keeping cuts and scrapes clean and covered with bandages also prevents the spread of MRSA from infected wounds.