Arizona, with its diverse landscapes, is home to a rich variety of snake species. The state has the highest number of venomous snake species in the United States. Understanding their population and characteristics is important for the safety of residents and visitors alike.
Defining the Exact Number of Venomous Species
Arizona is home to approximately 14 distinct species of venomous snakes. The vast majority belong to the pit viper subfamily Crotalinae. Thirteen of these species are rattlesnakes, giving Arizona the distinction of hosting more rattlesnake species than any other state. The remaining species is the Sonoran Coral Snake, the only non-pit viper on the list.
The rattlesnakes of Arizona include species such as the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake, the Mojave Rattlesnake, and the Sidewinder. They are spread across various habitats, from desert flats to rocky slopes.
Identifying Arizona’s Major Venomous Snakes
Identification relies on understanding the distinct characteristics of pit vipers and the coral snake. Pit vipers, including rattlesnakes, share several features distinguishing them from non-venomous snakes. These include a triangular head shape, wider than the neck, and specialized heat-sensing pits between the eye and nostril.
Pit vipers also possess elliptical, or vertical, pupils. The rattlesnake’s most notable feature is the rattle segments at the end of the tail, which are shaken to produce a warning sound.
In contrast, the Sonoran Coral Snake is slender and lacks the triangular head and rattle. Its pupils are round, and it has a distinct pattern of black, yellow, and red bands that completely encircle its body.
The difference in color patterns is often remembered by the rhyme: “Red touch yellow, kill a fellow; Red touch black, venom lack.” The venomous coral snake has its red bands touching its yellow bands, while non-venomous look-alikes, like the Sonoran Kingsnake, have red bands touching black bands. The Sonoran Coral Snake’s head is also entirely black.
Encountering Snakes Safely
Preventing encounters begins with maintaining situational awareness, especially during warmer months when snakes are active. When hiking, wear sturdy, high-top boots and long pants. Never place hands or feet where you cannot see clearly. Use a flashlight when walking at night, as many rattlesnakes are nocturnal hunters.
If a snake is sighted, stop moving and slowly back away, allowing the snake to retreat naturally. Never attempt to handle, harass, or provoke any snake. Most bites occur when people try to capture or kill a snake.
In the event of a snakebite, call 911 immediately and remain calm. While waiting for medical help, remove any jewelry or tight clothing from the affected limb before swelling begins. Do not attempt outdated first-aid measures, such as applying a tourniquet, cutting the wound, sucking out the venom, or applying ice. The goal is to reach a hospital quickly for antivenom administration.