Novamin is a bioactive material used to treat tooth sensitivity and repair tooth structure. This patented technology addresses a common cause of dental discomfort: exposed dentin, by harnessing the natural building blocks of teeth. Novamin’s inclusion in dental products offers a way to actively repair and remineralize microscopic defects in the tooth surface, providing a long-term solution to sensitivity.
Chemical Composition and Origin
Novamin is classified as a bioactive glass, specifically the formulation 45S5. It is made up of four primary components: Silica, Sodium, Calcium, and Phosphate, which are essential minerals also found in natural tooth structure. On ingredient labels, this compound is identified by its chemical name: Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate.
The material’s origin predates its use in dentistry by decades. Bioactive glass was originally developed in the late 1960s with the intent of creating a synthetic substance capable of bonding with and regenerating human bone tissue. This early application was a success, seeing use in various medical procedures for bone repair.
The ability of the glass to integrate with mineralized tissues led researchers to adapt it for dental applications. The same chemical principles used to encourage bone growth could be applied to repair and remineralize teeth.
The Mechanism of Dentin Repair
Novamin’s therapeutic action begins immediately upon contact with an aqueous environment, such as saliva. When the fine glass particles are introduced, a rapid ionic exchange takes place as sodium ions within the glass are released. This initial reaction causes a temporary, localized increase in the pH level of the surrounding area.
This rise in alkalinity is an important step because it creates the optimal conditions for the next phase of the chemical reaction. The elevated pH prompts the bioactive glass to release high concentrations of Calcium and Phosphate ions. These are the two mineral ions necessary for the formation of new, tooth-like material.
The released calcium and phosphate ions quickly precipitate out of the solution, forming a protective layer over the exposed dentin surface. This newly formed substance is a calcium phosphate compound that crystallizes into hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA). HCA is chemically and structurally similar to the natural mineral component of tooth enamel and dentin, with a Ca:P ratio mirroring natural tooth mineral.
The primary result of this process is the occlusion of dentinal tubules, which provides sensitivity relief. Dentin hypersensitivity occurs when these microscopic channels, leading to the tooth’s nerve, are exposed. The newly formed hydroxyapatite-like layer acts as a physical plug, effectively sealing these open tubules. By blocking the fluid flow within the tubules—the mechanism that transmits pain signals—Novamin provides relief from pain.
Consumer and Professional Applications
Consumers can find Novamin incorporated into over-the-counter desensitizing toothpastes, typically at a concentration of about 5% by weight. For at-home use, effectiveness is maximized by ensuring a longer contact time with the tooth surface. This is achieved by avoiding rinsing immediately after brushing or by applying the toothpaste directly to the sensitive area and allowing it to remain there briefly before spitting.
The formulation of these consumer toothpastes is non-aqueous, meaning they contain little to no water. This keeps the highly reactive Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate particles inactive until they mix with saliva. Following manufacturer instructions, such as brushing twice daily, ensures the continuous deposition of the protective layer for ongoing sensitivity management.
Dental professionals utilize Novamin technology in higher concentrations for in-office treatments. It is a common component in professional prophylaxis pastes, sometimes at a concentration of 15%. This application is often used immediately after procedures like scaling and root planing, which can temporarily increase tooth sensitivity.
These professional pastes and varnishes deliver an immediate, intense dose of the bioactive material directly to affected areas. This chair-side application provides rapid relief from hypersensitivity, creating a robust mineral barrier. The combination of professional application and daily consumer use establishes a continuous system of care for managing tooth sensitivity.