When salivary glands (such as the parotid or submandibular glands) become blocked, saliva flow is impaired, leading to painful swelling. This obstruction is often caused by a salivary stone, medically termed sialolithiasis, which is a calcified deposit in the gland or its duct. The resulting buildup of saliva causes pain and swelling, often worsening around mealtimes when saliva production increases. While these blockages usually resolve with home care, encouraging saliva flow and physically manipulating the gland can help clear the obstruction.
Enhancing Natural Saliva Production
The primary goal of home treatment is to increase saliva flow, creating a natural flushing mechanism to push the stone or mucus plug out of the duct. Achieving a thinner, high-volume flow begins with maintaining hydration by drinking plenty of water. Dehydration causes saliva to thicken, making it more difficult to pass through the narrow salivary ducts and exacerbating the blockage.
To actively stimulate the gland, using sialogogues is recommended. Sialogogues are sour or acidic substances that trigger a strong salivary reflex. Sucking on lemon slices, tart candies, or foods containing vinegar increases saliva production. This surge of saliva creates hydrostatic pressure within the ductal system, which can help dislodge the stone.
Use these sour stimulants consistently and gently, rather than in intense, short bursts, to maintain a steady flow of saliva. This continuous stimulation can be performed multiple times a day until the obstruction is relieved. The goal is to keep the duct flushed and the overall oral environment moist.
Direct Techniques for Clearing Blockages
In addition to stimulating internal flow, external physical manipulation, often called “milking” the gland, applies gentle pressure to encourage the stone toward the duct opening. For the parotid gland, located in the cheek near the ear, the massage should begin at the back of the gland and sweep forward toward the corner of the mouth.
When dealing with the submandibular gland, located under the jawline, fingers should be placed under the jawbone and swept forward toward the chin and the opening under the tongue. The pressure must be gentle and consistent, following the path of the duct to avoid causing pain or inflammation. This technique is effective for stones located in the distal, or outer, portion of the duct.
Applying moist heat externally is another helpful technique that relaxes tissues and reduces localized swelling around the duct. A warm compress can be held against the affected area for several minutes before attempting the gland massage. The warmth promotes better circulation and can aid the physical movement of the stone.
Recognizing When Medical Help Is Necessary
While many salivary gland blockages resolve with home care, certain symptoms indicate a need for professional medical intervention. The primary concern is the development of a secondary bacterial infection, known as sialadenitis, which occurs when stagnant saliva becomes a breeding ground for bacteria. Fever and chills are warning signs that an infection has developed and may require antibiotic treatment.
Persistent or rapidly increasing pain that does not subside after a few days of home treatment should prompt a medical consultation. Swelling that lasts longer than 48 hours or becomes hard and tender to the touch is concerning. Other symptoms include difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), a foul taste or pus draining into the mouth, or the inability to open the mouth fully. Untreated infections can spread to deeper tissues in the neck.