Growing a Philodendron in water is a form of hydroponics. This technique utilizes the robust nature of common vining varieties, such as P. hederaceum (Heartleaf Philodendron) or P. scandens. The appeal lies in its visual simplicity, showcasing the root system, and its relatively low maintenance compared to traditional soil culture. Successfully maintaining a Philodendron permanently in water requires a specific setup and consistent routine.
Getting Started with Water Culture
The process begins with selecting a healthy stem cutting that will serve as the new plant. A suitable cutting should be approximately four to six inches long and include at least one or two leaf nodes, which are the small bumps on the stem where new roots will emerge. Before placing the cutting in water, all leaves that would sit below the water line must be removed, as submerged foliage will decompose and foul the water quickly.
Choosing the right vessel is important; clear glass containers offer an attractive view but allow light to penetrate, which encourages algae growth. Opaque or darker colored containers, such as amber glass, help mitigate this issue by blocking light. When preparing the water, tap water is acceptable, but it should be left in an open container for 24 hours to allow chlorine to dissipate before the cutting is added.
The cutting should then be suspended in the water so that the bare nodes are fully submerged, with the remaining leaves held above the water level. The initial placement should be in an area that receives bright, indirect light, which is necessary to stimulate the production of new roots. Roots typically begin to appear from the nodes within two to three weeks; during this initial period, no nutrients are required.
Essential Care for Water-Grown Philodendrons
Sustaining a Philodendron long-term transitions the plant from simple propagation to a true hydroponic system, necessitating a regular supply of dissolved nutrients. Water inherently lacks the mineral elements found in soil, so the plant requires supplemental feeding to support continued growth and foliage production. A liquid fertilizer specifically formulated for hydroponic use should be applied, as these contain a balanced ratio of macronutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as necessary micronutrients.
Nutrient delivery must be highly diluted, often at one-quarter to one-half the strength recommended for soil-grown plants, and applied monthly during the plant’s active growing season. Over-fertilization can quickly lead to a buildup of mineral salts on the roots and the sides of the vessel, potentially causing root burn or inhibiting water uptake. Consistent water hygiene is managed through routine water changes every one to two weeks.
During the water change, temporarily remove the plant and thoroughly clean the vessel to remove mineral residue or microbial film. Rinsing the established root system gently under running water also helps remove accumulated buildup. A water-grown Philodendron performs best in bright, indirect light, similar to soil-bound counterparts. Slightly less intense light is beneficial to prevent the water from heating up excessively and encouraging rapid algae formation.
Troubleshooting and Transitioning
Managing algae growth is a common challenge in water culture, particularly when using clear glass vessels that expose the water to light. Algae compete with the plant roots for available nutrients and can reduce oxygen levels in the water. Switching to an opaque container or periodically cleaning the vessel and roots with a mild solution of water and a small splash of hydrogen peroxide can effectively manage minor algae outbreaks.
Monitoring the plant’s roots and foliage helps distinguish between nutrient deficiencies and root decay. Yellowing leaves, especially on older growth, often indicate a lack of nitrogen or other essential mobile nutrients, signaling a need for a diluted fertilizer application. Conversely, roots that appear brown, slimy, or soft are a sign of decay or low oxygen levels, which requires immediate trimming of the affected roots and a complete water change.
Moving a Philodendron that has been growing in water back into soil requires careful steps. Roots developed in water are specialized for constant submersion and are more delicate than those grown in a soil medium. To prevent shock, pot the plant into a well-draining soil mix, keeping the media consistently moist for the first few weeks. This high moisture level allows the sensitive “water roots” to survive while the plant develops the tougher “soil roots” needed for terrestrial growth.