A gum burn is a thermal injury, typically caused by accidentally consuming food or liquid that is too hot, such as scalding coffee or pizza. High heat damages the delicate mucous membrane tissue, causing an intense, stinging sensation. Managing this initial trauma and supporting the healing process minimizes discomfort and prevents complications. The priority is stopping the thermal damage immediately, encouraging tissue repair, and guarding against secondary infection.
Immediate First Aid for Gum Burns
The first step after burning your gums is to rapidly cool the affected tissue. Immediately swish your mouth with cool tap water for several minutes to draw the heat out of the mucosal layers. Following this, suck on small ice chips or a popsicle, which provides sustained, localized cooling and helps to numb the area. Avoid applying a large piece of ice directly to the burn for an extended period, as extreme cold can cause further tissue trauma.
Once the initial sting subsides, a gentle saline rinse can help soothe the burn and promote a cleaner healing environment. Prepare this by dissolving about a half-teaspoon of salt into eight ounces of lukewarm water. Swish this mixture gently around your mouth for about 30 seconds before spitting it out, repeating this process several times a day. Saltwater rinses reduce inflammation and discourage the growth of oral bacteria.
If the pain is significant, over-the-counter medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can be taken to manage the discomfort and reduce swelling. You may also apply a small amount of an oral anesthetic gel containing benzocaine directly to the burned area for temporary topical numbness.
Long-Term Healing and Dietary Care
The healing phase requires protecting the damaged tissue from further irritation while the body regenerates the mucosal lining, which typically takes a few days. Dietary adjustments are a significant part of this recovery. Strictly avoid acidic items, such as citrus fruits or tomatoes, and steer clear of spicy foods and alcohol, which can cause intense stinging.
Focus instead on consuming soft, bland, and cool or lukewarm foods. Examples include:
- Yogurt
- Applesauce
- Mashed potatoes
- Smoothies
Crunchy or abrasive foods like chips, crusty bread, or raw vegetables must be eliminated until the gums have fully healed. Maintaining hydration is also important, so sip cool water throughout the day.
Maintaining meticulous but gentle oral hygiene is necessary to prevent bacterial accumulation. Use a toothbrush with extra-soft bristles and avoid brushing vigorously over the burned area for the first few days. Continue with the mild salt water rinses. Applying a thin layer of protective gel, pure aloe vera, or honey can provide a soothing coating and possess mild antiseptic qualities.
Identifying Severe Burns and Complications
While most gum burns are minor first-degree injuries that heal quickly on their own, certain signs indicate the thermal damage is more severe and requires professional medical attention. A deep burn may present as a white or gray patch of tissue that remains numb or leathery. A blister that is large or does not resolve within 24 to 48 hours should be evaluated by a dental professional. Any burn that covers a large surface area of the gum tissue should also be evaluated.
You must also watch for signs of a secondary infection, which can occur when oral bacteria colonize the damaged tissue. Indicators of infection include persistent, spreading redness and swelling that extends beyond the original burn site. Other red flags are the presence of pus, a fever, or severe, throbbing pain that is not relieved by over-the-counter pain medication after two days. If any of these symptoms appear, seek prompt consultation with a dentist or physician.