A rabbit presence escalates to an infestation when the population density increases rapidly, leading to widespread destruction. While a single rabbit sighting is normal, an infestation involves a sudden surge in the local population that exceeds the environment’s ability to sustain them. This population pressure forces the animals to exhibit destructive feeding and burrowing behaviors on lawns, gardens, and landscaping. The resulting damage becomes an extensive problem that necessitates control measures to protect the property.
Recognizing Rabbit Presence
Identifying an active rabbit presence begins with observing specific physical evidence they leave behind. Rabbit droppings are reliable indicators, appearing as small, round, pea-sized pellets, typically dark brown or black. These fibrous pellets are often found in clusters or concentrated areas known as latrines, located near feeding spots or burrow entrances.
Another clear sign is the presence of burrows, or warrens, which are complex underground networks used for shelter and nesting. Burrow entrances are generally circular and measure about 10 to 15 centimeters in diameter. They are often hidden beneath sheds, dense brush, or on slight slopes, and may be marked by tufts of fur or scattered droppings.
Observing the distinctive pattern of rabbit tracks can further confirm their activity, especially in soft soil or snow. When moving at a hop, a rabbit’s four footprints form a repeating, elongated pattern, often described as a rectangular or Y-shape. This pattern occurs because the smaller front feet land first, followed by the larger hind feet, which swing forward. The tracks typically show small, round impressions.
Property Damage and Health Risks
The consequences of a rabbit infestation extend beyond cosmetic damage and can pose risks to both property and health. Rabbits use sharp incisor teeth to cleanly clip young plant stems and herbaceous plants at a distinctive 45-degree angle. This feeding behavior is destructive to flower beds and vegetable gardens, where they can consume entire swaths of vulnerable plants overnight.
When food sources are scarce, rabbits turn their attention to woody plants, gnawing on the bark of young trees and shrubs. This gnawing, known as girdling, removes the bark around the trunk, destroying the living cambium layer beneath. A fully girdled tree cannot transport water and nutrients, which leads to the death of the plant.
Rabbits can carry parasites and diseases that pose a threat to people and pets. They frequently host fleas and ticks, which can spread to domestic animals and introduce pathogens. The bacterium Francisella tularensis, which causes tularemia, or “rabbit fever,” is a concern. It can be transmitted to humans through the bites of infected ticks or flies, or through direct handling of an infected animal.
Exclusion and Deterrence Methods
The most effective immediate solution for controlling a rabbit infestation is installing physical barriers. For garden protection, a wire mesh fence is recommended, standing at least 1.05 to 1.2 meters high to prevent jumping. The mesh openings must be small enough, ideally 31 millimeters (1.25 inches) or less, to block access even to young rabbits.
The integrity of the fence below ground is equally important, as rabbits are capable diggers. The wire mesh should be buried at least 15 to 20 centimeters (6 to 8 inches) deep. An additional 15 centimeters should be folded outward in an ‘L’ shape facing away from the protected area. This buried apron prevents rabbits from digging down along the fence line to gain access.
Taste and smell deterrents complement physical barriers by making the yard unappealing without causing harm. Rabbits are repelled by pungent odors, which can be exploited using commercial or homemade sprays. Effective homemade solutions often utilize ingredients like garlic, chili pepper, or strong-scented soaps, creating an olfactory barrier. Repellents based on putrefied egg solids are also effective, as the odor mimics decay, signaling a dangerous area that rabbits instinctively avoid. These topical deterrents must be reapplied frequently, particularly after rain, to maintain effectiveness.
Long-Term Management and Professional Intervention
Sustainable management involves modifying the environment to make the property less desirable as a habitat. Rabbits require dense cover for daytime shelter, so removing potential hiding spots is a preventative measure. This includes clearing away brush piles, stacks of wood, overgrown weeds, and sealing off access beneath porches, sheds, and decks.
Landscaping choices can also be used as a form of long-term deterrence by planting species rabbits naturally avoid. Strong-smelling, textured, or poisonous plants are generally left alone.
Plant Deterrents
Lavender
Marigolds
Onions
Sage
These plants can be strategically placed to protect more desirable plantings. While this technique will not eliminate a persistent population, it reduces the available food source and makes the property less attractive.
For severe, persistent infestations, or when burrowing compromises the structural integrity of the property, professional wildlife control services may be necessary. Local regulations often govern the methods and timing of animal removal, often requiring permits for trapping or lethal control. A professional can assess the scope of the problem, ensure compliance with local laws, and implement control methods like targeted trapping or burrow fumigation.