Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) reflects the average concentration of hemoglobin within red blood cells. Hemoglobin transports oxygen throughout the body. A low MCHC result indicates that red blood cells are hypochromic, appearing paler than normal and containing a reduced amount of this protein. Addressing a low MCHC requires understanding the underlying cause and optimizing iron intake and absorption.
Why MCHC Levels Drop
Low MCHC is most commonly a sign of hypochromic microcytic anemia. The primary reason for this diminished hemoglobin concentration is an insufficient supply of iron, a necessary component for hemoglobin synthesis. When iron stores are depleted, the body cannot manufacture enough hemoglobin.
While iron deficiency anemia is the most frequent cause, other factors can also contribute to a low MCHC reading. Conditions that interfere with iron utilization or red blood cell production, such as chronic diseases, can result in microcytic anemia. Rare causes like lead poisoning or certain inherited blood disorders like thalassemia also affect the body’s ability to create properly-filled red blood cells. Correcting iron status remains the most actionable first step for increasing MCHC.
Optimizing Your Diet for Absorption
Increasing MCHC levels often begins with a focused modification of dietary habits to maximize iron intake and absorption. Iron from food sources exists in two main forms: Heme and Non-Heme, each absorbed differently by the body. Heme iron is found exclusively in animal products like red meat, poultry, and fish, and is highly bioavailable, meaning the body absorbs it easily.
Non-Heme iron is present in plant-based sources, including beans, lentils, spinach, and fortified cereals, but its absorption rate is significantly lower. To enhance the uptake of Non-Heme iron, it should be consumed alongside foods rich in Vitamin C, such as citrus fruits, strawberries, or bell peppers. Vitamin C converts the non-heme iron into a more soluble and absorbable form within the digestive tract.
Certain substances can inhibit iron absorption and should be avoided when consuming iron-rich meals or supplements. These inhibitors include tannins found in tea and coffee, as well as calcium present in milk and dairy products. It is advised to consume these inhibiting substances at least two hours apart from your main iron source to prevent interference. Cooking non-heme sources like spinach can also increase the amount of iron available for absorption.
Iron Supplementation Considerations
When dietary changes alone prove insufficient to correct low MCHC, a healthcare provider may recommend over-the-counter iron supplements. Common forms include ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, and ferrous fumarate, which contain different amounts of elemental iron. Supplements are potent and should ideally be taken under medical guidance to determine the appropriate dosage and duration.
For best absorption, iron supplements are often recommended to be taken on an empty stomach, typically one hour before or two hours after a meal. However, this timing can sometimes lead to gastrointestinal side effects like nausea or stomach upset. If this occurs, taking the supplement with a small amount of food can help improve tolerance, even if it slightly reduces the absorption rate.
It is important to be aware of potential side effects when beginning an iron supplement regimen. Constipation and dark-colored stools are common occurrences but are generally harmless. If side effects persist or are severe, discussing a change in the type or dosage of the supplement with a healthcare professional is advisable.
When to Consult a Healthcare Provider
A low MCHC result is a laboratory finding, a symptom of an underlying condition, not a complete diagnosis in itself. It is important to consult a healthcare provider for comprehensive blood work to confirm the specific type and severity of anemia. These additional tests often include measuring serum ferritin, which reflects the body’s iron stores, and total iron-binding capacity. Professional consultation is mandatory before beginning any iron supplementation, as consuming excessive iron can be harmful.
A doctor can investigate the cause of low MCHC to rule out more serious issues beyond simple dietary deficiency. Persistent symptoms like unexplained fatigue, shortness of breath, or pale skin warrant a medical evaluation. Heavy menstrual bleeding or suspected internal bleeding require immediate investigation, as these conditions lead to rapid iron loss that diet and basic supplements cannot quickly correct. If MCHC levels do not improve after several weeks of consistent intervention, further diagnostic work is necessary to identify potential malabsorption issues or chronic blood loss.