“Greening out” is a colloquial term describing an acute, intensely unpleasant reaction that occurs after consuming too much cannabis. This temporary state of physical and psychological distress results from the overconsumption of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Although not a fatal overdose, the episode can be profoundly overwhelming and frightening. The term often refers to the distinct paleness or greenish look a person may develop due to nausea, anxiety, and low blood pressure during the event. The state will eventually subside as the body processes the excess compound.
Immediate Signs and Sensations
Identifying greening out involves recognizing a cluster of rapidly developing physical and psychological symptoms signaling the body’s reaction to an overwhelming dose of THC. Physically, common signs include tachycardia (rapid heart rate) and increased blood pressure. This is often paired with severe nausea, sometimes leading to vomiting, cold sweats, chills, and noticeable paleness.
Extreme dizziness or vertigo is typical, sometimes causing lightheadedness and unstable balance. These physical symptoms can lead to a preoccupation with one’s own body, intensifying mental distress and causing a feeling of losing control.
Psychologically, the experience is marked by intense anxiety, often escalating into a panic attack. Paranoia is a hallmark symptom, involving feelings of mistrust or a heightened sense of threat. Some individuals experience depersonalization, feeling disconnected from their own body or surroundings.
Why Acute Overconsumption Occurs
The core mechanism behind greening out is the overstimulation of the brain’s endocannabinoid system by excessive amounts of THC. THC binds strongly to the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptors, which are densely located in the central nervous system. When the concentration of THC overwhelms these receptors, it leads to adverse physical and mental effects.
The dose-response relationship is a primary factor; consuming too much THC too quickly is the most direct cause. This risk is higher for individuals with low tolerance, such as first-time or infrequent users.
The method of consumption also influences the risk. While inhalation methods produce rapid effects, edibles pose a risk due to their delayed onset. Edibles can take up to two hours to fully manifest, leading users to consume a second dose before the first one has peaked. Furthermore, combining cannabis with other substances, especially alcohol, can exacerbate symptoms by intensifying the overall reaction.
Managing Symptoms and Seeking Comfort
The immediate priority is to stop all further consumption and move to a safe, quiet, and comfortable environment. Finding a dimly lit space away from excessive stimulation can help reduce anxiety and paranoia. Sitting upright rather than lying flat can help mitigate dizziness and nausea.
Hydration is important, as cannabis use and physical symptoms can lead to dehydration. Sip cold water or juice slowly, while avoiding alcohol or caffeine, which can worsen anxiety. Eating a light snack, such as crackers or toast, may help stabilize blood sugar levels.
Grounding techniques manage psychological distress by focusing on the present moment. Taking slow, deep breaths helps regulate the heart rate and calm the nervous system. Anecdotal reports suggest that chewing black peppercorns or smelling a lemon rind may provide relief, as they contain terpenes that may counteract THC’s effects on anxiety.
CBD (cannabidiol) may offer a mitigating effect by interacting with the same receptors, potentially reducing the intensity of THC-induced anxiety and paranoia. While greening out is rarely life-threatening, medical attention should be sought immediately if symptoms include:
- Persistent, severe vomiting.
- Chest pain.
- Consumption of cannabis along with other drugs.
- Symptoms that do not subside after a few hours.
- An underlying heart condition.
Strategies to Avoid Greening Out
The most effective strategy for prevention is following the “Start Low, Go Slow” rule, especially when trying a new product or method of consumption. For inhalable products, take one small puff and wait at least fifteen minutes before considering another dose. Always pay close attention to the THC percentage listed on the product label.
This cautious approach is particularly relevant for edibles, where a starting dose of 2 to 5 milligrams of THC is often recommended. Due to the delayed onset, consumers should wait a minimum of two to three hours before consuming more. This discipline prevents the accidental stacking of doses that leads to an overwhelming reaction.
Avoiding the combination of cannabis with other psychoactive substances, such as alcohol, is another preventative measure, as alcohol can amplify the effects of THC. Furthermore, consuming cannabis on an empty stomach or when dehydrated may amplify its effects. Having a meal and staying hydrated beforehand can help slow absorption and reduce the risk.