A COVID-19 infection frequently includes a fever and chills as the body’s immune system begins its defensive response. These symptoms, while uncomfortable, are manageable for most people at home with supportive care. This guide offers practical strategies for addressing fever and chills, but it is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with a healthcare provider for personalized guidance regarding your health condition.
Over-the-Counter Relief for Fever and Aches
Non-prescription medications effectively manage the discomfort associated with COVID-19 fever and body aches. Two primary categories of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are commonly recommended for symptom relief: acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Both types of medication reduce elevated body temperature and alleviate muscle pain.
Acetaminophen, known by brand names like Tylenol, acts centrally to help reduce fever and relieve pain. It is a safe option when used correctly, but since it is metabolized by the liver, strict adherence to dosage limits is necessary to avoid liver failure. For most adults, the maximum daily dose should not exceed 3,000 to 4,000 milligrams, and it is safest to stay on the lower end of that range.
NSAIDs, including ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) and naproxen (Aleve), reduce inflammation, pain, and fever by inhibiting cyclooxygenase enzymes. These medications can be particularly helpful for managing inflammation and body aches, in addition to lowering a fever. However, NSAIDs should be used with caution, especially by individuals with kidney disease, gastrointestinal issues, or a history of bleeding, as they can carry a greater risk of side effects like stomach irritation.
Check the labels of combination cold and flu products, as many contain acetaminophen or an NSAID. Taking a fever reducer separately while also using a multi-symptom product that contains the same drug can inadvertently lead to an overdose. If a high fever is difficult to control, alternating between acetaminophen and an NSAID every few hours may be suggested, but this requires careful tracking of the total daily dosage for each medication.
Essential Strategies for Home Comfort and Hydration
Managing the intense temperature swings of fever and chills requires dynamic environmental control to maximize comfort. When chills set in, the body’s internal thermostat is set higher, causing shivering and a desire for warmth; using blankets and layers helps ease this discomfort. Conversely, when the fever peaks and the body attempts to cool down, a person may feel excessively hot and sweaty, signaling the need to remove blankets and wear light clothing.
Rest is foundational to home care, as the body requires significant energy for an effective immune response. Avoiding physical exertion and ensuring structured periods of rest are recommended, as pushing through the illness can be counterproductive. Monitoring the ambient room temperature and keeping it comfortably regulated, perhaps around 68°F (20°C), can also help mitigate the severity of the fluctuating sensations.
Maintaining adequate hydration is the most significant non-pharmacological strategy, especially since fever increases fluid loss through sweating. The goal is to consume fluids consistently, aiming for two to three liters per day, rather than waiting for thirst, which indicates dehydration. Water is an excellent choice, but clear broths, electrolyte solutions, or pediatric hydration drinks are better for replenishing both water and essential minerals lost through fever, vomiting, or diarrhea.
Sweetened beverages like juice or standard sports drinks are less ideal due to high sugar content; caffeinated or alcoholic drinks should be avoided as they contribute to dehydration. Signs of insufficient hydration, such as dark urine, dry mouth, or lightheadedness, should prompt an increase in fluid intake. For individuals too weak to drink from a glass, offering small, frequent sips or ice chips can help them maintain their fluid balance.
Recognizing Warning Signs and Seeking Medical Care
While most people manage COVID-19 symptoms at home, certain signs indicate the illness is progressing to a severe stage requiring immediate professional attention. Recognizing these “red flag” symptoms determines when to stop self-care and seek help. The most serious sign is difficulty breathing or severe shortness of breath, which suggests the infection is affecting the lungs.
Other urgent symptoms include persistent pain or pressure felt in the chest. Neurological changes are also a major concern, manifesting as new confusion, an inability to wake up, or difficulty staying awake. These alterations in mental status signal that the body or brain is not functioning properly.
A change in skin, lip, or nail bed color to a pale, gray, or blue tint, depending on an individual’s skin tone, is a sign of poor oxygen circulation and warrants emergency action. If any of these severe signs develop, call emergency services immediately and inform them that you are seeking care for someone with or potentially exposed to COVID-19. For symptoms that are concerning but not immediately life-threatening, such as a sustained high fever that does not respond to medication, contact your primary healthcare provider for guidance on the next steps.