An incentive spirometer is a handheld medical device designed to encourage users to take slow, deep breaths, which helps expand the lungs fully. The device measures the volume of air inhaled, providing immediate feedback on lung capacity and function. It is a standard tool for recovery, helping patients safely strengthen their lungs while at home. This guide provides clear instructions on how to use an incentive spirometer effectively to support your recovery and improve respiratory health.
Understanding the Incentive Spirometer and Its Goal
The device is commonly prescribed to help patients recover from surgery, especially abdominal or chest procedures, where pain or anesthesia can cause shallow breathing and lead to lung complications. Using the spirometer helps prevent conditions like atelectasis (the partial collapse of small air sacs in the lungs) and subsequent pneumonia. Individuals managing chronic lung conditions such as COPD or asthma may also use it to maintain or improve their respiratory strength. Regular use ensures the deepest parts of the lungs are fully inflated to clear fluid and mucus.
The spirometer consists of a mouthpiece connected by a tube to a main chamber that contains a piston or float, which rises as you inhale. Volume markings on the side of this chamber indicate the depth of your breath. A small, colored marker is used to set the inspiratory goal volume, which is determined by a healthcare provider based on factors like your age, height, and sex. This target level serves as your personal benchmark to strive for during each breathing cycle.
Step-by-Step Guide to Proper Technique
Begin by sitting upright in a chair or in bed, as this posture allows the diaphragm and lungs to expand fully. Hold the incentive spirometer straight up at eye level to ensure the internal piston can move freely and measure your breath accurately. Before placing the mouthpiece in your mouth, take a normal breath in and then exhale completely to empty your lungs of residual air.
Seal your lips tightly around the mouthpiece to prevent any air from escaping. Breathe in as slowly and deeply as you can through the mouthpiece, aiming to raise the internal piston toward your pre-set volume goal marker. If your device has a smaller flow indicator ball, keep this indicator floating steadily between the marked arrows.
Keeping the flow indicator within the target zone confirms that you are inhaling at the correct, slow pace, which maximizes lung expansion. Breathing too quickly will cause the flow indicator to shoot to the top, indicating the breath was too shallow to properly inflate the lower lung sections. Once you have inhaled as much air as possible, remove the mouthpiece.
Hold your breath for a brief period, typically three to five seconds, to allow the air to fully reach the furthest air sacs in your lungs. Exhale normally; do not exhale forcefully into the spirometer, as this can damage the device. Rest for a few seconds between repetitions to prevent lightheadedness or dizziness. If you experience these symptoms, take a longer break before resuming the exercise.
Tracking Progress and Device Maintenance
Healthcare providers typically recommend completing a set of 10 slow, deep breaths every hour while you are awake. Following this schedule consistently is more beneficial for lung re-expansion than doing many repetitions all at once. After each set, it is helpful to cough gently to clear any loosened mucus from your airways. If you have had surgery, press a pillow firmly against your incision while coughing to provide support and reduce discomfort.
After your best effort, use the external marker to record the highest volume the piston reached. Logging the date, time, and volume achieved helps you and your provider monitor performance over time. If your achieved volume remains consistently low or you experience pain or increasing shortness of breath, contact your healthcare provider.
To maintain hygiene and prevent infection, detach the mouthpiece after each use and wash it with warm, soapy water. Rinse the mouthpiece thoroughly and allow it to air-dry completely before reattaching it or storing the device. Store the spirometer in a clean, dry place to maintain its functionality.