Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) is a colorless chemical compound recognized for its unique properties as a potent solvent and transdermal carrier. This substance was originally discovered in the late 19th century and is a byproduct of the wood pulping process used to make paper. Scientists in the 1960s recognized its ability to easily penetrate the skin and other biological membranes. This characteristic allows DMSO to facilitate the movement of various compounds across the skin barrier. Understanding the correct procedures for its topical use is necessary to ensure a safe experience.
Selecting the Proper Grade and Concentration
The initial step for safe topical use is selecting the correct grade of Dimethyl Sulfoxide. DMSO is manufactured in various purities, requiring a clear distinction between industrial grade and pharmaceutical or USP (United States Pharmacopeia) grade. Industrial grade products are intended solely for manufacturing or laboratory purposes and may contain impurities or contaminants, such as pesticides, that could be easily absorbed when applied to the skin. Therefore, only high-purity, pharmaceutical-grade DMSO, typically labeled as 99.9% pure, should be used for application to the human body.
High-purity liquid (99.9%) often requires dilution before use. Applying the product at full strength, or concentrations higher than 70%, significantly increases the risk of skin irritation, including intense burning and redness. The recommended range for topical application is between 50% and 70% concentration to balance effectiveness with minimal adverse effects. Starting with a lower concentration, such as 50% or 60%, is a gentler approach for new users.
To create a 70% solution from 99.9% pure liquid DMSO, mix the product in a ratio of 7 parts DMSO to 3 parts diluent. For example, mixing 70 milliliters of DMSO with 30 milliliters of a diluent produces a 70% solution. The diluent must be pure; distilled or sterile water is the safest option, as chemicals in tap water could react unpredictably. Pure aloe vera gel can also be used as a diluent, providing a soothing base and a more convenient application consistency.
Step-by-Step Topical Application Methods
Effective topical application begins with meticulous preparation of the skin and the application tools. Because DMSO is a highly effective solvent and penetration enhancer, it can carry any substance present on the skin’s surface deep into the tissue. Before application, the entire target area must be thoroughly washed with mild soap and warm water, then patted completely dry. Similarly, the hands or any applicator tool should be scrubbed clean to prevent the transdermal transport of surface contaminants like lotions, oils, or trace chemicals.
It is recommended to wear gloves during application to prevent unintentional absorption through the hands. Nitrile gloves are preferred, as DMSO can dissolve or degrade certain materials, including latex, potentially carrying harmful plasticizers or glove components into the body. The preferred application technique involves using a cotton ball, clean gauze, or a dedicated brush to apply the diluted product. Gently patting or smoothing a thin, even layer of the solution or gel over the affected area is the best method.
The application should cover the entire target area and extend slightly beyond the edges. The applied layer must be thin enough to dry within a reasonable amount of time, and the area should be left uncovered immediately after application. Do not wrap the area with bandages or dressings, as this concentrates the product and increases the risk of skin irritation. Most guidelines suggest applying the product once or twice daily, allowing the skin to absorb the solution completely before any clothing or other products touch the treated area.
Essential Safety Precautions and Adverse Reactions
Before using DMSO over a large area, performing a patch test is an absolute requirement to check for hypersensitivity or severe irritation. Apply a small, diluted amount of the prepared solution to an inconspicuous area of skin, such as the forearm. Monitor the test site closely for the next 24 hours for any signs of an immediate or delayed adverse reaction, such as a painful rash, hives, or intense burning. If the test area shows only mild, transient warmth or redness, the product can likely be used more broadly.
A common side effect is the development of a distinct, garlic-like odor on the breath and body, which occurs as the substance metabolizes. This temporary odor, caused by the metabolite dimethyl sulfide, is generally harmless and may persist for up to 72 hours. Other frequent, localized reactions include a mild sensation of itching, dryness, or a slight burning feeling at the application site. These dermatological effects are dose-dependent, meaning they become more noticeable with higher concentrations, and can sometimes be mitigated by decreasing the concentration or applying less frequently.
Users must be aware of warning signs for severe reactions, which necessitate immediate discontinuation and medical consultation. These signs include the formation of blisters, severe chemical burns, or symptoms of a systemic allergic reaction, such as difficulty breathing or widespread hives. Because DMSO enhances the absorption of other substances through the skin, avoid using any other topical medications, creams, or solvents on the application area without consulting a healthcare professional. DMSO may also increase the effect of certain systemic medications, including blood thinners, sedatives, and steroids, and has been reported to interact negatively with the drug sulindac.