A nasal cannula is a common medical device designed to deliver supplemental oxygen to people who are not receiving sufficient oxygen from the air they breathe. This flexible, lightweight tube connects to an oxygen source, such as a concentrator or tank, and splits into two small prongs that rest inside the nostrils. The cannula’s primary function is to improve breathing and elevate oxygen saturation levels non-invasively. It is often prescribed for individuals with chronic respiratory conditions like COPD or pulmonary fibrosis, providing necessary oxygen therapy at home or on the go.
Correct Application Techniques
Before wearing the cannula, confirm that the oxygen flow is set to the rate prescribed by a healthcare provider. Correct positioning of the nasal prongs is essential for effective oxygen delivery. Gently insert the two prongs into the nostrils with their curved ends facing downward, which follows the natural anatomy of the nasal passages.
Once the prongs are in place, loop the tubing on either side of the face over the top of the ears, similar to wearing eyeglasses. This routing anchors the cannula and directs the remaining tubing toward the chin. A small, adjustable slide or cinch mechanism is located where the two tubes meet beneath the chin.
Push this slide upward to secure the tubing against the neck or jaw, preventing the prongs from slipping out. The fit should be snug enough to keep the cannula stable, yet loose enough to allow the user to easily fit two fingers between the tubing and the chin. An alternative method involves routing the tubing behind the head with the slider resting at the back of the neck.
Managing Comfort and Preventing Irritation
Long-term use of a nasal cannula can lead to skin irritation and dryness, requiring proactive management. The constant friction from the tubing resting over the ears is a common source of discomfort, often leading to chafing or pressure sores. To protect this sensitive area, soft padding, medical fabric tape, or specialized ear wraps can be applied around the tubing behind the ears to distribute pressure evenly.
The flow of supplemental oxygen, especially if not humidified, can cause the nasal passages to dry out, potentially leading to irritation or minor nosebleeds. Applying a water-based lubricant or moisturizer around the edge of the nostrils and on the prongs helps alleviate this dryness. Petroleum-based products must be avoided entirely, as they can be hazardous when used with oxygen.
Using a saline nasal spray is an effective strategy to keep the nasal mucosa moist during continuous oxygen use. If dryness persists, a healthcare provider may recommend adding a humidifier bottle to the oxygen concentrator unit, which introduces moisture into the oxygen stream. Manage the long oxygen supply tubing by securing it to clothing with a clip or carefully coiling it to prevent tripping or accidental tugging on the cannula.
Cleaning and Maintenance of the Equipment
Regular cleaning of the nasal cannula is necessary to prevent the buildup of pathogens. For home users, clean the cannula at least once a day to prevent bacterial and fungal growth. The cleaning process involves washing the cannula, particularly the prongs and the section closest to the nose, in warm water with a mild soap.
Rinse the cannula thoroughly with clean water to remove all traces of soap residue. Allow the equipment to air dry completely in a clean, well-ventilated space before connecting it back to the oxygen source. The entire nasal cannula should typically be replaced every two to four weeks, or immediately if the plastic becomes stiff, discolored, or after any respiratory illness.