If you remove your toenail, it will almost certainly grow back, provided the underlying structures responsible for nail production remain intact. The toenail is a hard plate made of the protein keratin that protects the soft tissue of the toe, and it is often removed due to injury or chronic infection. Understanding how regrowth occurs and the time it takes can help manage expectations during the healing period.
The Mechanism of Regrowth
The growth of a new toenail begins deep beneath the skin at the base of the toe, in a specialized area called the nail matrix. This matrix is responsible for producing the new cells that make up the nail plate. New cells are continuously generated, pushing older, hardened keratin cells forward to form the visible nail.
The visible white crescent at the base of the nail, known as the lunula, is the only exposed part of this matrix. As the nail plate grows outward, it slides over the nail bed, which is the soft tissue underneath the nail. Successful regrowth hinges on the nail matrix being undamaged, as severe trauma to this area is the only factor that may prevent a full or normal return of the nail.
Timeline and Factors Influencing Growth
Toenails grow significantly slower than fingernails. On average, a toenail grows at a rate of approximately 1.62 millimeters per month, meaning a complete, full-length toenail typically takes between 12 and 18 months to regrow after being lost or surgically removed.
Several internal and external factors influence this timeline. Younger individuals generally experience faster nail growth than older adults, as cell turnover rates decrease with age. Overall health and circulation also play a significant role; conditions like diabetes or peripheral artery disease can slow the regrowth process by impairing blood flow. A diet rich in nutrients like biotin, zinc, iron, and protein is important for supporting healthy keratin production.
Potential Issues During Regrowth
As the new nail begins to emerge, certain complications may arise, particularly if the initial trauma affected the surrounding tissue. One common issue is the development of an ingrown toenail (onychocryptosis), where the edge of the growing nail plate penetrates the skin. This can be painful, especially when the toe is subjected to pressure from footwear.
If the nail matrix suffered partial damage, the new nail may grow back with a permanent deformity, such as thickening, ridging, or an irregular shape. The exposed nail bed is also susceptible to fungal infections during the regrowth period because the natural protective barrier is missing. Persistent pain, spreading redness, significant swelling, or pus discharge are signs of a potential infection that require prompt consultation with a doctor or podiatrist.
Essential Care After Removal
Immediate and proper care of the exposed nail bed is important for preventing infection and encouraging healthy regrowth. The primary goal is to keep the area clean and dry, protecting the sensitive tissue from contaminants.
This often involves soaking the foot in warm, salty water or an Epsom salt solution to reduce inflammation and keep the wound clean. After soaking, the area must be thoroughly dried before a fresh, non-stick dressing is applied to protect the exposed nail bed. Wearing loose-fitting or open-toed footwear is advised to prevent painful pressure or friction during the initial healing phase. Elevating the foot for the first few days can also help minimize swelling and discomfort.