The question of whether a “Rockfish” is the same as a “Striped Bass” is a common point of confusion for those new to Atlantic coast fishing and seafood markets. This terminological overlap stems from the long history and wide geographic range of a single, highly prized species. The differences in names are not biological but rather a matter of local tradition and regional preference. Understanding the relationship requires a look at scientific classification and historical naming conventions along the eastern seaboard.
One Fish, Two Names: The Identity
The short answer is that “Rockfish” and “Striped Bass” are interchangeable common names for the exact same species, scientifically classified as Morone saxatilis. The use of common names can lead to confusion because a single species may acquire several accepted vernacular names across its range. Other common names for this fish include “striper” and “linesider.”
The scientific name, Morone saxatilis, provides an unambiguous identification, regardless of where the fish is caught or sold. Scientific classification uses a standardized, two-part Latin name, which prevents the confusion that arises from local nicknames. This species belongs to the family Moronidae, which are known as the temperate basses.
Understanding Regional Nomenclature
The primary reason for the dual naming convention is geographical, with each name dominating a specific region of the Atlantic coast. The name “Striped Bass” is most prevalent in the northern part of the species’ range, particularly north of New Jersey and throughout the New England states. This name directly references the distinct physical markings of the fish.
Conversely, the name “Rockfish” is the dominant term used in the Mid-Atlantic region, most notably around the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries in states like Maryland and Virginia. The historical use of “Rockfish” in Maryland is so strong that the state designated the species as its official state fish in 1965, listing it as the Rockfish (Striped Bass). This name is thought to have originated from the fish’s habit of hiding among oyster reefs and rocky areas, or from its spawning behavior in the rocky freshwater portions of rivers.
In certain transitional areas, such as New Jersey and Delaware, both names may be used interchangeably. The Chesapeake Bay is especially relevant to this discussion, as it is a major nursery and spawning ground for the species, which has cemented the local preference for the term “Rockfish”.
Key Characteristics and Habitat
The fish is easily identifiable by its distinct appearance and life cycle. It has a streamlined body that is typically silver, shading to olive-green or steel-blue on its back. The most defining physical trait is the presence of seven or eight continuous, dark, horizontal stripes running from the head to the tail, which is the source of the name “Striped Bass”.
Morone saxatilis is known for its impressive size potential, with adults ranging in length from 46 to 140 centimeters, and some individuals exceeding 22 kilograms. The species is anadromous, meaning it lives primarily in saltwater but migrates to freshwater rivers to reproduce. Spawning begins in the spring when water temperatures reach about 18 degrees Celsius, and the eggs require running water to stay in motion until they hatch. Spawning locations include the Hudson River, the Roanoke River, and the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries.