A wart is a common, non-cancerous skin growth caused by infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). This infection causes skin cells to multiply rapidly, resulting in the rough, raised texture characteristic of a wart. When a wart suddenly begins to bleed, it often causes concern and anxiety. This article explains the biological reasons why warts bleed, provides guidance on immediate first aid, and identifies signs that warrant professional medical evaluation.
Understanding Why Warts Bleed
Warts are highly vascularized, meaning they contain a dense network of tiny blood vessels, or capillaries, that supply the rapidly growing tissue. The wart’s structure forces these capillaries to grow vertically toward the skin’s surface, placing them very close to the outer layer. Any slight trauma, such as scraping, rubbing against clothing, or picking, can disrupt the outer layers and cause these shallow vessels to rupture, leading to bleeding.
The small, dark specks often visible inside a wart are actually the ends of these tiny capillaries that have clotted with blood. These thrombosed vessels are a distinguishing feature of warts. When the surface layer is broken, it exposes this vascular tissue, and the bleeding is often a sign of superficial injury rather than a severe underlying problem. Plantar warts, located on the soles of the feet, are particularly prone to bleeding due to constant pressure and friction from walking.
Immediate Care for a Bleeding Wart
If a wart begins to bleed, apply direct pressure to the area immediately. Use a clean, absorbent material like a sterile gauze pad or cloth, and maintain steady pressure for several minutes without frequently checking the wound. Elevating the affected limb above the heart can also help slow the bleeding.
Once the bleeding has stopped, gently clean the area using mild soap and warm water to prevent bacterial entry. It is important to wash your hands thoroughly both before and after touching the wart to prevent the contagious HPV virus from spreading. After cleaning, cover the injury with a sterile adhesive bandage to protect it from further irritation and potential infection while it heals.
Indicators That Require Medical Consultation
Although bleeding is often a consequence of minor trauma, certain symptoms require professional medical attention. Seek consultation if the bleeding is heavy, prolonged, or does not stop after applying firm pressure for 10 to 15 minutes. Persistent or frequent, spontaneous bleeding from the wart also warrants professional evaluation.
Signs of a bacterial infection are a serious concern and include increased redness, swelling, warmth, pain, or the presence of pus or red streaks extending from the lesion. Additionally, a healthcare provider should examine any wart that undergoes a sudden change in appearance, such as rapid growth, color change, or an irregular border. These changes help distinguish the benign wart from potentially more serious skin conditions.