Hemorrhoids are a common condition characterized by swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus, causing significant discomfort. This often leads to symptoms such as pain, burning, and persistent itching. Topical lidocaine, a widely available over-the-counter (OTC) medication, is frequently used as a local anesthetic to manage these symptoms. Lidocaine offers temporary, localized relief, making it a common choice for quickly soothing the acute discomfort associated with a hemorrhoid flare-up.
How Lidocaine Works to Provide Relief
Lidocaine functions as a local anesthetic, causing a temporary loss of sensation in the specific area where it is applied. It achieves this effect by interacting directly with nerve endings in the superficial tissues of the skin and mucous membranes. The primary mechanism involves the temporary blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels located within the nerve cell membranes.
By inhibiting the flow of sodium ions into the nerve cell, lidocaine prevents the generation and transmission of electrical nerve impulses. This action effectively stops pain signals from traveling to the brain, causing the treated area to become numb. This localized, temporary effect offers symptomatic relief from burning and pain without addressing the underlying cause of the hemorrhoidal swelling itself. Relief is typically noticeable within minutes of application and persists for a few hours.
Proper Application and Usage Guidelines
Lidocaine products for hemorrhoids are available in various forms, including creams, ointments, and gels, intended for topical use on the external, perianal region. Before application, gently clean the affected area using a soft cloth or wipe and pat the skin dry. This preparation ensures better contact between the medication and the skin for optimal absorption.
Application frequency typically ranges from three to four times a day, though some labels permit up to six applications. Apply a thin film of the cream or ointment directly to the painful, itchy area. OTC topical lidocaine is generally not intended for use inside the rectum; a physician should recommend specific products or a suppository form for internal hemorrhoids.
Use the smallest amount of medication necessary to relieve symptoms and avoid applying it to large or broken areas of skin. After each application, wash hands thoroughly with soap and water to prevent accidental transfer of the anesthetic to sensitive areas like the eyes. Treatment with lidocaine-containing products is generally limited to short-term use, often no more than seven days, unless a healthcare provider advises otherwise.
Recognizing Potential Side Effects and Warning Signs
Topical lidocaine is generally well-tolerated, but users may experience minor side effects at the application site. Common, temporary reactions include a mild burning sensation, redness, or slight irritation immediately following the application. These localized skin reactions are usually minor and often subside quickly as the numbing effect begins.
A more serious concern is the risk of systemic absorption, where the medication enters the bloodstream. This risk is increased if the cream is applied too frequently, in large amounts, or to skin that is inflamed or broken. Signs of systemic absorption may include lightheadedness, dizziness, nervousness, confusion, or a change in heart rate. These symptoms indicate that the central nervous system is being affected and require immediate medical attention.
Users should discontinue use and consult a doctor if their condition worsens, if symptoms persist beyond seven days, or if they experience any signs of an allergic reaction. Allergic reactions, though rare, can manifest as a rash, hives, swelling of the face or throat, or difficulty breathing. The appearance of rectal bleeding also warrants immediate professional consultation, as it may indicate a more serious underlying issue than a simple hemorrhoid flare-up.