Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by a compromised skin barrier, leading to intense dryness, redness, and itching. Exposure to ocean water has long been a popular, anecdotal suggestion for soothing symptoms, a practice sometimes referred to as thalassotherapy. This raises the question of whether the natural components of seawater can genuinely benefit sensitive, eczematous skin.
The Mineral Benefits of Saline Water
Ocean water is a complex solution containing trace elements and high concentrations of various salts, the most abundant being sodium chloride. However, the perceived therapeutic effects are often attributed to minerals like magnesium, which is the third most abundant element in seawater. Studies suggest that bathing in magnesium-rich salt solutions can improve skin barrier function and reduce inflammation in atopic dry skin. Magnesium ions are thought to be absorbed through the skin, where they can help stabilize mast cells, thereby reducing the release of histamine, a chemical that promotes itching and inflammation.
This mineral content may also exert an anti-inflammatory effect, which is particularly beneficial for managing the redness and irritation associated with eczema. Some research, particularly on deep-sea water, indicates a potential to improve symptoms like skin cracking and thickened skin, known as lichenification. Furthermore, the mild saline nature of the water may offer a gentle antibacterial property, which can be helpful since eczematous skin is prone to secondary infections due to breaks in the skin barrier.
The overall soothing effect is often compared to balneotherapy, a practice that uses mineral-rich waters for therapeutic purposes. Unlike exposure to harsh chemicals like chlorine in some pools, the natural blend of salts and minerals in ocean water can sometimes be less irritating for people with sensitive skin. The gentle exfoliation provided by the salt may also help remove dead skin cells and lessen the uncomfortable sensation of itchiness.
Understanding the Risks of High Salinity and Contamination
Despite the potential benefits, ocean water also carries significant risks that can worsen eczema symptoms. The high salt concentration can lead to an osmotic effect, where the water in the skin is drawn out to balance the salinity of the environment. When the water evaporates from the skin’s surface, the salt residue left behind can strip away the natural oils that are already deficient in eczematous skin, leading to excessive dryness. This rapid drying can cause the skin to crack, sting, and become more inflamed, potentially triggering a severe flare-up.
A major concern is the microbial and chemical contamination present in many coastal areas. Ocean water, particularly near urban centers or where there is significant runoff, can harbor harmful bacteria, such as Vibrio species, and other pathogens. Eczema creates micro-abrasions and breaks in the skin barrier, allowing these microorganisms to enter more easily and cause skin infections. Studies show that exposure to recreational water can alter the skin’s microbiome and increase the risk of skin infections, especially when the skin is compromised.
Beyond biological contaminants, ocean water often contains pollutants, including chemical runoff and microplastics, which can act as irritants on already sensitive skin. These non-natural substances can exacerbate skin sensitivity and inflammation, counteracting any potential therapeutic benefit from the minerals.
Dermatological Consensus and Safe Practices
The impact of ocean water is highly individual; for some, it is soothing, while for others, it is irritating. While the mineral composition shows promise, particularly the magnesium, the uncontrolled environment of the ocean necessitates caution. The skin of an eczema patient often has a dysfunctional barrier, which makes it particularly susceptible to the drying and irritating effects of high-salinity water.
The most important step for anyone with eczema who chooses to swim in the ocean is to implement strict post-swim care. Immediately upon exiting the water, the skin must be thoroughly rinsed with clean, fresh water to remove all salt and potential contaminants. The skin should then be patted dry gently with a clean towel, avoiding any harsh rubbing that could cause further irritation.
Following the rinse, a thick emollient or moisturizer should be applied generously within a few minutes to seal in moisture and prevent the evaporative drying effect of the salt residue. This simple, two-step process—rinse and moisturize—is crucial. Ultimately, before incorporating ocean swimming or any new therapy into an eczema management plan, consulting with a dermatologist is always the recommended course of action.