The Kalanchoe plant is a type of succulent, meaning it possesses specialized tissues to store water in its thick, fleshy leaves and stems. This adaptation allows the plant to thrive in arid conditions. Because Kalanchoe retains water, it is extremely prone to root rot if the soil remains saturated for too long. Understanding the correct watering procedure is the most important factor in Kalanchoe care, influencing the plant’s health and longevity.
Determining When to Water
The most reliable indicator for watering a Kalanchoe is the complete dryness of the potting medium. Succulents thrive on a “soak and dry” cycle, where the soil is fully saturated and then allowed to become entirely dry before the next watering event. To check the moisture level, insert your finger approximately two to three inches deep into the soil. If you feel any trace of coolness or dampness, wait several more days before checking again.
A helpful method is to lift the pot both when it is dry and immediately after watering. A dry pot will feel significantly lighter due to the lack of retained moisture. Relying solely on a fixed calendar schedule, such as watering every two to three weeks, can quickly lead to overwatering, especially in cooler conditions or lower light levels.
The Correct Watering Technique
When it is time to water, the goal is to thoroughly saturate the soil mass. Pour water slowly over the entire surface of the soil until it begins to flow freely out of the pot’s drainage holes. This deep watering ensures that the entire root system is hydrated and encourages strong, deep root growth rather than shallow surface roots.
Allow the pot to sit and drain for about 15 to 30 minutes to absorb any remaining moisture. Immediately empty the saucer or cachepot of any standing water afterward. Allowing the roots to sit in water creates an anaerobic environment, which is the primary cause of root rot. Also, avoid splashing water directly onto the leaves and flowers, as persistent moisture can encourage fungal issues like powdery mildew.
Seasonal and Environmental Adjustments
Watering frequency must be adjusted based on the time of year and the plant’s environment, as these factors influence the rate of evaporation. During the growing season (spring and summer), warmer temperatures and increased light intensity lead to faster water uptake. This necessitates more frequent watering, but still only after the soil has completely dried out.
The Kalanchoe enters a period of semi-dormancy in the cooler, lower-light months of autumn and winter. During this time, the plant’s metabolic rate slows dramatically, and its water requirements are significantly reduced. You may need to cut the watering frequency in half, sometimes watering only once per month. Plants placed in brighter light will dry out faster than those in a lower-light location.
Higher ambient humidity also slows down the rate at which moisture evaporates from the soil surface. Conversely, a plant situated near a heat vent or in a drafty location with low humidity may require slightly more attention. The best practice remains checking the soil moisture level before every watering, regardless of the season or environmental conditions.
Diagnosing Water Stress
Observing the leaves provides clear visual cues about whether the plant is receiving too much or too little water. An overwatered Kalanchoe displays leaves that are soft, swollen, and feel mushy or translucent to the touch. These leaves may also turn yellow or brown and sometimes drop off easily, indicating the root system is struggling with rot.
Root rot is detectable by a foul, earthy smell emanating from the soil or the base of the plant. In contrast, an underwatered Kalanchoe exhibits leaves that are wrinkled, thin, and shriveled as the plant depletes its stored moisture. The edges of the leaves may become dry and crispy, and the stems might feel brittle. When these symptoms appear, a thorough watering can help the plant recover quickly.