Kamut and Khorasan are terms often used interchangeably, leading to confusion about whether they are the same grain. This article clarifies the relationship between these ancient grains, exploring their characteristics, nutritional aspects, and culinary applications. Understanding the distinctions helps in making informed choices.
What is Khorasan Wheat?
Khorasan wheat, botanically classified as Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum, is an ancient grain believed to have originated in the Fertile Crescent. This tetraploid wheat species is recognized for its large kernels, which can be twice the size of modern wheat varieties, and its rich, amber hue.
Despite its ancient origins, Khorasan wheat experienced a resurgence in popularity in the 20th century. Its unique nutritional properties and appealing taste contributed to its growing appreciation among those seeking wholesome foods. The grain’s resilience in dry climates also supported its reintroduction into modern agricultural practices.
What is Kamut?
“Kamut” is a registered trademark for a specific, certified organic, non-GMO variety of Khorasan wheat. The Kamut International company established this trademark to preserve the purity and quality of this ancient grain. To be marketed as Kamut, the wheat must adhere to strict standards, including organic certification, specific protein levels, and remaining unhybridized.
The relationship between Kamut and Khorasan wheat is analogous to a brand name and its product, similar to Kleenex being a brand of facial tissue. All Kamut is Khorasan wheat, but not all Khorasan wheat is Kamut. This distinction ensures that consumers purchasing Kamut-branded products receive a grain that meets particular cultivation and quality criteria.
Nutritional Comparison
Khorasan wheat, including the Kamut brand, offers a comprehensive nutritional profile that sets it apart from many modern wheat varieties. It generally contains a higher percentage of protein, typically ranging from 11-17%, which is notably greater than common wheat. The grain is also rich in dietary fiber, providing around 7-11 grams per cup or 100 grams, which aids digestion and promotes feelings of fullness.
Beyond macronutrients, Khorasan wheat is a good source of essential vitamins and minerals. It is particularly high in selenium, often providing over 100% of the daily value per serving. Other minerals present in significant amounts include magnesium, zinc, manganese, and phosphorus. The grain also contains B vitamins (such as thiamin and niacin), vitamin E, and carotenoids. While the glycemic index of Khorasan wheat is not extensively documented, it is generally considered low, delivering sustained energy without rapid blood sugar spikes, and studies have shown it can help decrease total and LDL cholesterol.
Culinary Uses and Flavor Profiles
Khorasan wheat, including its Kamut-branded form, is appreciated for its distinct flavor profile, often described as rich, nutty, buttery, and slightly sweet. This appealing taste makes it a versatile ingredient in various culinary applications. The whole grain berries can be cooked and incorporated into salads, soups, pilafs, or served as a hearty side dish, similar to rice or barley.
When milled into flour, Khorasan wheat can be used in baking to create breads, pasta, muffins, cookies, and waffles. Its unique gluten structure, while not suitable for those with celiac disease, is often found to be more digestible for individuals with sensitivities to modern wheat. The flour imparts a slightly denser texture to baked goods and a rich flavor that enhances both savory and sweet dishes.
Choosing Between Them
When deciding between Kamut and other Khorasan wheat varieties, Kamut-branded products, due to their strict certification requirements for organic cultivation, non-GMO status, and specific quality controls, often come with a higher price point. Consumers prioritizing these rigorous standards and the assurance of a consistent product may prefer Kamut.
Conversely, other Khorasan wheat varieties may be more widely available and potentially more affordable. Both options provide comparable advantages as ancient grains, including high protein and fiber content, and a rich array of vitamins and minerals. Ultimately, the decision often comes down to individual preferences regarding cost, specific dietary needs, and the importance placed on trademarked certification versus the inherent qualities of the Khorasan wheat itself.