The LSU fig breeding program, initiated by Dr. Ed O’Rourke at Louisiana State University, developed cultivars specifically adapted to the hot, humid conditions of the Gulf South region. These selections, such as ‘LSU Purple,’ ‘O’Rourke,’ and ‘Tiger,’ are highly sought after by home growers for their superior traits. These varieties offer increased resistance to common fig ailments like fig leaf rust and fruit souring, which are prevalent in high-humidity climates. Furthermore, many LSU figs are known for their vigorous growth and ability to produce fruit quickly, often in their first year, making them excellent choices for container gardening.
Variety Selection and Initial Planting
Selecting the right LSU fig cultivar is the first step toward a successful harvest, as each variety offers distinct advantages. ‘LSU Purple’ is recognized for its exceptional productivity, often yielding multiple crops of medium-sized, dark purple fruit with a closed eye that resists spoilage. The ‘O’Rourke’ fig, sometimes called ‘Improved Celeste,’ produces a moderate-sized, tan-to-brown fruit that ripens earlier than many other varieties, often in late June. ‘Tiger’ is known for its large, brown fruit with a distinctive darker stripe visible on the immature fruit.
Most gardeners begin with a purchased potted or bare-root plant. Whether planting in the ground or a container, the fig tree requires a location that provides full sun exposure for the majority of the day. Figs thrive in well-drained soil that is moderately to slightly acidic, ideally within a pH range of 6.0 to 6.5.
When planting in the ground, ensure adequate space, as LSU varieties can reach 10 to 20 feet in height and similar widths. For container growing, select a pot that is at least 15 to 20 gallons to accommodate the tree’s vigorous root system. Container planting offers the flexibility to move the tree for overwintering in colder climates, and the soil should be a high-quality, well-draining mix.
Essential Environmental Needs and Feeding
Fig trees require a minimum of six to eight hours of direct sunlight each day to produce a quality fruit crop. Insufficient light will result in sparse fruiting and slower growth, especially for container-grown plants. The tree’s position should be protected from harsh winds, and planting it on the south or west side of a building can help maximize warmth and light exposure.
Water management is a balance between keeping the soil consistently moist without allowing it to become waterlogged. During the summer months and while fruit is developing, deep watering once or twice a week is often necessary, particularly for figs in containers, which dry out quickly. Overly wet soil can lead to root rot, especially when drainage is poor.
A consistent fertilization schedule supports the vigorous growth and heavy cropping characteristic of LSU figs. A high-nitrogen fertilizer should be applied early in the growing season to promote vegetative growth. As the season progresses and fruit begins to set, transition to a more balanced fertilizer to support fruit development. Fertilizer applications should be reduced or stopped entirely by late summer to allow the tree to harden off before winter dormancy.
Seasonal Pruning and Fruit Harvest
Structural pruning is best performed during the late winter or early spring while the fig tree is fully dormant. The goal of this annual pruning is to remove dead or diseased wood, open the center of the tree to increase light penetration and air circulation, and encourage new fruiting wood. Since figs produce their main crop on new growth that develops during the current season, proper pruning directly influences yield.
A common pruning technique is to reduce the height of the main branches by about one-third to maintain a manageable size and shape. For container-grown trees, root pruning may also be performed during dormancy to refresh the soil and manage the plant’s overall size. Removing low-hanging branches helps prevent fruit from touching the soil, which reduces the risk of rot and pests.
LSU figs generally ripen from mid-summer through the fall, with some varieties like ‘LSU Purple’ capable of producing up to three crops in warmer climates. Identifying ripeness is a matter of observation: the fruit will typically droop, soften, and change to its final color. Figs must be fully ripened on the tree to develop their characteristic high sugar content and flavor, as they will not ripen further once picked.
Protecting Figs from Climate and Pests
In regions outside of USDA Zones 8-10, where winter temperatures frequently drop below 15°F to 20°F, fig trees require cold protection. Potted LSU figs should be moved to an insulated, unheated space like a garage or basement once the leaves drop, where they can remain dormant. During this time, the soil should be kept only slightly moist with monthly watering to prevent the roots from completely drying out.
In-ground trees in marginal climates need their trunks and branches insulated with materials like burlap, straw, or chicken wire cages filled with dry leaves. Even if the above-ground growth dies back completely during a harsh winter, the protected roots will often send up new shoots in the spring, which will bear fruit on the current season’s growth.
LSU fig varieties were bred for improved disease resistance, but they can still encounter certain issues, especially in high-humidity environments. Fig leaf rust, a fungal disease, can cause premature defoliation, and while it is generally not fatal, it can reduce the tree’s vigor and subsequent year’s yield. Another concern in sandy soils is the root-knot nematode, which LSU cultivars like ‘LSU Purple’ have shown good resistance against. Maintaining good air circulation through pruning and ensuring soil drains quickly are the best preventative measures against most fungal and pest problems.