Shepherd’s Purse, scientifically known as Capsella bursa-pastoris, is a common annual or biennial flowering plant belonging to the mustard family. Found globally in temperate regions, it is recognized for its rapid growth and wide distribution. Its distinctive feature is the small, flattened, triangular seed pod, which bears a striking resemblance to the leather purse once carried by shepherds, giving the plant its common name. Evidence suggests the herb has been used by humans for at least 8,000 years, with findings in Neolithic settlements.
Traditional Applications
Shepherd’s Purse has been documented in folk medicine for centuries across diverse cultures, particularly in European and Far Eastern traditions. It was historically valued for its ability to staunch various types of bleeding. Traditional healers applied the fresh, crushed herb externally as a poultice or compress to minor cuts and superficial wounds to promote clotting. Additionally, Shepherd’s Purse was traditionally utilized as a diuretic to increase urine output and relieve edema, and sometimes used to treat conditions involving excess uric acid, such as gout.
Biological Actions and Specific Health Benefits
Modern scientific analysis confirms the presence of several bioactive compounds that contribute to the herb’s observed effects, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, amino acids, and the alkaloid choline. The anti-hemorrhagic action is the most studied benefit, linked to its ability to promote vasoconstriction, or the narrowing of blood vessels. This effect helps to slow or stop blood flow, which is particularly relevant in cases of internal bleeding. Shepherd’s Purse is also noted for its specific effect on the reproductive system, where it acts as a uterine stimulant. This action is significant for managing excessive menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) and is traditionally used to help the uterus contract following childbirth, addressing postpartum hemorrhage. Studies have shown that when used alongside anti-inflammatory drugs, Shepherd’s Purse extract can significantly reduce menstrual blood loss. Furthermore, the herb contains various antioxidants, which contribute to its anti-inflammatory and overall protective cellular effects.
Preparation Methods and Dosage
Shepherd’s Purse is most commonly prepared as a hot infusion or tea, using the dried aerial parts of the plant. For external applications, a strong infusion or the fresh, crushed herb can be used as a poultice or compress applied directly to minor cuts or to staunch a nosebleed.
Tea and Infusion
A typical preparation involves steeping about two tablespoonfuls of dried herb in a pint of boiling water for 15 to 45 minutes. This tea is often consumed internally up to four times daily for systemic benefits, such as addressing heavy menstrual flow.
Tincture
A tincture, which uses alcohol to extract the active compounds, is another popular preparation due to its concentrated nature. Standard dosage suggestions for a tincture recommend 1–2 milliliters, taken three times per day, though concentration varies.
Safety, Contraindications, and Warnings
Shepherd’s Purse is a potent herb. It is strongly contraindicated during pregnancy because its ability to stimulate uterine contractions carries a risk of inducing miscarriage or premature labor. Women who are breastfeeding should also avoid using the herb due to a lack of sufficient safety data. Individuals with pre-existing heart conditions must exercise caution, as the herb can cause fluctuations in blood pressure and may interfere with heart medications. Since the plant contains oxalates, people with a history of kidney stones should avoid its use. Due to its effects on blood clotting, Shepherd’s Purse should be discontinued at least two weeks before any scheduled surgical procedure. It should not be combined with blood-thinning medications or sedatives without professional guidance.