Dental spacers, also known as orthodontic separators, are small, temporary devices used as the initial preparatory phase for orthodontic treatment. These appliances create a slight gap between specific teeth, most often the back molars. This gentle separation is a necessary step that allows the orthodontist to proceed with the next stages of treatment. Understanding their function and temporary nature can help ease concerns for those starting their journey.
Defining Orthodontic Separators and Their Purpose
Orthodontic separators are typically small elastic bands, about a centimeter in diameter, though some orthodontists use tiny metal spring clips instead. The elastic bands, often blue or gray, are stretched and slipped between two adjacent teeth. As the elastic material attempts to return to its original shape, it applies light, continuous pressure to the contact point between the teeth.
This gentle, sustained force gradually pushes the teeth apart, creating a minimal amount of space for the next phase of treatment. The primary purpose of this space is to accommodate the placement of a metal band. These bands completely encircle a molar tooth and serve as anchors for larger orthodontic appliances, such as palatal expanders or traditional braces. Without the small gap created by the spacer, inserting the relatively thick metal band would be difficult.
The Placement Procedure and Duration
Placing orthodontic separators is a quick process that generally does not require anesthesia. The orthodontist or dental assistant uses floss or a specialized plier-like tool to stretch the elastic separator before sliding it between the teeth. During insertion, patients typically feel pressure or a quick snapping feeling as the band passes through the tight contact point.
Once in place, the separator begins working immediately, and the placement appointment takes only a few minutes. Spacers remain in the mouth for a limited time, usually between five and ten days, allowing the necessary space to form. If a separator falls out early, it often means enough space has been created for the molar band. However, patients must contact the orthodontist to determine if the spacer needs replacement to keep the gap open until the next visit.
Practical Tips for Living with Spacers
Some soreness or discomfort is common after spacers are placed, as the teeth are actively being moved. This pressure often feels like food is firmly wedged between the teeth, and soreness usually peaks within the first 24 to 48 hours. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can manage this temporary discomfort.
Dietary caution is necessary while wearing spacers to prevent accidentally dislodging them. Patients must avoid sticky, chewy, or hard foods, including chewing gum, caramels, taffy, and popcorn. These foods can pull the separator out or become trapped and loosen it, requiring replacement. Sticking to a diet of soft foods, especially during the first few days, is recommended.
Maintaining oral hygiene is important, but the routine must be modified slightly around the spacers. Patients should continue to brush their teeth gently, including the area where the separators are located, to keep the teeth and gums clean. However, avoid flossing between the teeth that have a spacer, as the floss will pull the separator out. If using a water flosser, patients should use caution and gentle pressure around the area of the separators.