Eye discharge, often called matter or rheum, is a combination of mucus, oil, skin cells, and other debris that collects at the corners of the eye, typically during sleep. This natural process is part of the eye’s self-cleaning mechanism, and normal discharge usually appears clear or a pale, crusty white. The presence of a distinct green color signals an active infection that requires attention. This color shift is a direct result of the body’s defensive response to invading microorganisms.
Why Eye Discharge Turns Green
The green or yellowish-green color is a visual indicator of an intense immune reaction taking place on the eye’s surface. This coloration is a hallmark of pus, which is a byproduct of the body actively fighting an infection. When bacteria invade the eye, the immune system dispatches specialized white blood cells called neutrophils.
These neutrophils engulf and destroy the bacteria, leading to a biological battleground filled with dead white blood cells and pathogens. The green color primarily comes from an enzyme released by the neutrophils during this process. This mixture creates the thick, sticky discharge that often causes the eyelids to stick together after sleep.
Common Conditions Associated with Green Discharge
The most frequent cause of green or yellowish-green discharge is Bacterial Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, an inflammation of the clear membrane covering the white of the eye and the inner eyelid. This condition is highly contagious and characterized by a thick, copious discharge that returns quickly after being wiped away. Patients often wake up with their eyelids matted shut due to the dried, sticky quality of the pus that accumulates overnight.
Other, potentially more serious bacterial conditions can also result in this distinct green discharge, including infections that affect deeper eye structures. Bacterial Keratitis is an infection of the cornea, the clear dome covering the iris and pupil, which can produce a thick, purulent discharge alongside significant pain and reduced vision. Keratitis is often associated with improper contact lens use, where bacteria are introduced to the eye and cause a rapid inflammatory response.
Another possible cause is Dacryocystitis, an infection within the tear drainage system or tear sac, often following an obstruction. The stagnant fluid created by a blocked tear duct allows bacteria to multiply, leading to a secondary infection with yellow or green pus. A severe bacterial infection of the tissues surrounding the eye, such as Periorbital Cellulitis, can also be associated with thick discharge and marked swelling. The presence of green discharge, especially when accompanied by pain or vision changes, warrants a professional diagnosis.
Immediate Care and When to See a Doctor
While waiting for a medical evaluation, several immediate steps can be taken to manage the symptoms and prevent the spread of infection. Good hygiene is paramount, which means washing hands frequently and avoiding touching or rubbing the affected eye. Use a clean, warm compress or a fresh washcloth soaked in warm water to gently soften and remove the discharge from the eyelids and lashes.
It is essential to use a new, clean area of the cloth for each wipe to prevent reintroducing bacteria, and all used towels or bedding should be washed in hot water. Any shared items, such as makeup, towels, or contact lenses, should be set aside or discarded to prevent transmission to the other eye or to other people. Contact lens wearers should immediately stop using their lenses until the eye is completely clear of infection.
Certain symptoms signal a need for prompt medical attention, as they can indicate a more serious condition than typical bacterial conjunctivitis. Seek immediate professional care if you experience:
- A sudden change or blurring of vision.
- Severe or increasing eye pain.
- Extreme sensitivity to light (photophobia).
- A high fever or pain with eye movement.
- Swelling around the eye that begins to spread to the cheek or forehead, suggesting a deeper infection.
If the green discharge persists or worsens after 24 to 48 hours of diligent self-care, a consultation with a healthcare provider is necessary for a proper diagnosis and prescription treatment.