The sable (Martes zibellina) is a species of marten highly valued for its luxurious coat. Sable fur is typically a rich, dark brown color, often described as approaching black at its deepest shade. This natural coloration, combined with the fur’s unique texture, has historically made it a symbol of opulence. The fur naturally exhibits a spectrum of colors that directly influence its desirability and value.
The Signature Shade of Sable Fur
The most prized sable fur possesses a deep, lustrous coloration, often referred to as “jet black” or “blue-black” in the fur trade, though it is technically a very dark brown. This depth of color is a primary factor in grading the pelt’s quality. The darkest furs are highly sought after because their rarity and visual intensity distinguish them from lighter shades.
Beyond the color, the texture of sable fur sets it apart from other types of fur. It is known for its remarkable density and softness, often described as silky or velvety to the touch. This softness is maintained even when the fur is stroked against the grain, a unique quality. The coat is composed of long, fine guard hairs that provide a captivating sheen and a dense, insulating undercoat.
A distinctive feature of the darkest sable pelts is the presence of silvery or gray tipping on the guard hairs. This natural “silvering” creates a shimmering, two-toned effect that adds visual depth and luxury. These silver-tipped hairs are characteristic of the most valuable Russian sables and contribute to the impression of a deep, rich color.
Factors Causing Color Variation
The natural color of sable fur can vary significantly, ranging from a soft, honey-like brown to the intense, deep brown that is most desired. The primary influences on this color spectrum are the animal’s geographical origin and the time of year the coat is grown. Sables across their Eurasian range display varying shades of brown depending on their subspecies and population.
Sables from the Barguzin region of Siberia, specifically around Lake Baikal, are renowned for having the deepest, darkest fur. This geographical variation results in the Barguzin sable being considered the gold standard for color and density. In contrast, sables found in regions like Mongolia or China often have a lighter brown or reddish-brown coloration.
The animal’s seasonal cycle also affects the coat’s color and quality. Winter coats are significantly longer, denser, and more luxurious than the summer pelage, which is shorter and less refined. The winter coat’s increased thickness enhances the richness and depth of the brown color. Some lighter-colored pelts may also have a reddish cast or a light underfur that creates a subtle, almost golden contrast with the darker guard hairs.
How Color Dictates Commercial Value
The commercial value of sable fur is determined almost entirely by its color and the presence of silvering. The general rule is that the darker, deeper, and more uniform the brown color, the greater the price the pelt commands. This preference has historical roots, as the darkest sables have long been associated with luxury and status.
The value hierarchy is further refined by a grading system that rates the extent of the silvery hairs, often on a scale from Silvery 1 to Silvery 5. A higher “Silvery” rating means more white or gray hairs are present, making the fur rarer and more expensive. The Barguzin sable, known for its combination of dark color and distinctive silver tipping, sits at the pinnacle of this hierarchy.
Historically, sable fur was a symbol of wealth and power, particularly in Russia, where it was often used as currency or worn exclusively by royalty. The acquisition of this fur was a major driving force behind Russia’s expansion into Siberia. Today, garments made from the most perfectly colored, silver-tipped pelts are considered the most exclusive and carry the highest price tags in the luxury market.