Bush crickets (Family Tettigoniidae), also known as katydids, are a diverse group of insects with thousands of species globally. Their varied feeding habits reflect a high degree of adaptability across numerous ecological niches. Understanding their diet is fundamental to appreciating their role in the ecosystem, whether as primary consumers of vegetation or opportunistic predators.
General Diet: Herbivory and Omnivory
Bush crickets are primarily classified as omnivores, consuming both plant and animal matter, though most species lean heavily toward a herbivorous diet. Plant-based food sources constitute the bulk of their sustenance. They commonly consume leaves, flowers, nectar, and seeds, using strong mandibles to process tough plant tissues.
While many species are generalist herbivores, some prefer specific plant parts, such as soft grass inflorescences or tree bark. Their omnivorous nature means most species supplement their plant diet with protein-rich animal sources when available. This secondary diet often consists of smaller, slow-moving insects like aphids or insect eggs.
Some tropical bush crickets are obligate carnivores, relying entirely on predation for nutrition. These specialized hunters possess adaptations like leg spines, used to grasp and immobilize prey. Prey includes other insects, spiders, and even small vertebrates like lizards or snakes. This dietary flexibility allows bush crickets to thrive in varied habitats based on local resource availability.
Dietary Adaptations Across Life Stages
Nutritional requirements shift significantly as the bush cricket progresses from nymph to adult. Nymphs undergo rapid growth and multiple molts, necessitating a high-protein diet to construct new exoskeletons and body tissue. This physiological demand often makes younger bush crickets more predatory or scavenging than adults.
Nymphs seek out small, soft-bodied insect prey or scavenge dead organic matter to meet their elevated protein needs. High protein content leads to faster development and greater survival rates in juveniles. Once they reach the adult stage, their focus shifts from growth to reproduction. This leads to a greater reliance on carbohydrate-rich plant materials and nectar to fuel sustained activity and egg production.
Feeding Bush Crickets in Controlled Environments
When managing bush crickets in captivity, such as in laboratories or as pets, a varied diet mimicking their omnivorous nature is important. A successful captive diet must provide substantial plant matter and a regular source of protein. Plant components include slices of fresh fruit (apple or pear) and vegetables (lettuce and carrot), which also supply necessary moisture.
Protein supplements are easily introduced through fish flakes, dried kibble, or dead, non-toxic insects like mealworms. Water should be provided using a damp sponge or water gel crystals to prevent drowning. Ensure all plant matter is free of chemical residues, as bush crickets are highly sensitive to pesticides.