Hemorrhoid suppositories are a medication designed to treat internal hemorrhoids. These solid preparations are inserted into the rectum, delivering active ingredients directly to the affected tissue. Their primary purpose is to provide targeted, temporary relief from common hemorrhoidal symptoms like burning, itching, and swelling. This method is particularly effective for internal issues that cannot be easily reached by topical creams or ointments.
Localized Mechanism of Action
The suppository uses a base material, such as cocoa butter or vegetable oil, which melts quickly when exposed to the body’s internal temperature. Once inserted, this melting process releases the medication directly onto the irritated rectal and anal mucosa.
The design provides localized treatment, meaning the drug acts only at the site of insertion rather than throughout the entire body. The highly vascular lining of the rectum allows for efficient absorption into the adjacent swollen tissue. This localized delivery bypasses the digestive system, ensuring a higher concentration of medication reaches the area of discomfort. This direct application allows the treatment to soothe and protect the affected tissue.
Symptom Relief from Key Ingredient Categories
The specific relief provided comes from a combination of active ingredients, each serving a distinct therapeutic function.
Vasoconstrictors
One category includes vasoconstrictors, such as phenylephrine, which work by causing the tiny blood vessels in the affected area to narrow. This shrinking action helps to temporarily reduce the swelling and inflammation associated with enlarged hemorrhoids, alleviating pressure and discomfort.
Local Anesthetics
Another common class of ingredients is local anesthetics, like pramoxine or lidocaine, which numb the sensation of pain and itching. These compounds work by temporarily blocking the nerve signals in the tissue, providing relief from discomfort.
Protectants and Astringents
Protectants and astringents form a third category, using substances like zinc oxide, cocoa butter, or shark liver oil. These ingredients do not treat the hemorrhoid itself but instead form a physical barrier over the delicate, inflamed tissue. This protective coating helps to soothe irritation, prevent further drying, and guard the mucosa from contact with stool, which can worsen existing symptoms.
Safe and Proper Application
Correct insertion is necessary for the suppository to melt and release medication directly onto the internal tissue. It is recommended to have a bowel movement before use. The suppository should be removed from its wrapper and can be moistened with water to facilitate smoother insertion.
The most common technique involves lying on one side with the lower leg straight and the upper leg bent toward the stomach. Using a finger, the suppository is gently pushed, pointed end first, into the rectum, deep enough to pass the muscular sphincter. After insertion, remaining still for a few minutes helps ensure the product melts. Suppositories should be stored in a cool place, often the refrigerator, to maintain the necessary solid shape. The frequency of use should not exceed the limits indicated on the product packaging, which is commonly up to four times a day.