Hemorrhoids are swollen veins that develop in the lower rectum and anus, often causing significant discomfort. This common condition results from increased pressure, which can lead to symptoms like pain, itching, burning, and swelling. Over-the-counter creams and ointments are specifically designed to provide temporary relief from these symptoms. The primary function of hemorrhoid cream is to soothe the irritated area and reduce inflammation. These topical treatments work directly at the site of discomfort to manage the immediate physical symptoms of a flare-up.
Active Ingredients and Their Roles
Hemorrhoid creams achieve their soothing and shrinking effects through a combination of active ingredients, each targeting a specific symptom. One major category includes local anesthetics, such as pramoxine and lidocaine, which alleviate pain and itching. These compounds work by stabilizing the neuronal membrane of nerve endings, blocking the conduction of pain signals to the brain. This mechanism provides a temporary numbing effect, offering quick relief from soreness and the urge to scratch.
Another active component is the vasoconstrictor, most commonly phenylephrine. This ingredient acts to narrow the tiny blood vessels in the hemorrhoidal tissue. By constricting these vessels, phenylephrine temporarily shrinks the swollen tissue. This reduction in size lessens associated burning and swelling, providing relief.
Protectants and astringents form a third class of ingredients, including zinc oxide, mineral oil, and witch hazel. Protectants create a physical barrier over the irritated skin and mucous membranes, helping to prevent dryness and reduce irritation from contact with stool. Zinc oxide forms a protective layer and possesses mild antiseptic properties, promoting a cleaner environment for healing. Witch hazel acts as an astringent, causing the tissue to contract slightly while reducing irritation and burning sensations.
Proper Application and Duration of Use
For hemorrhoid cream to work effectively, careful and consistent application is necessary, typically following a cleansing routine. Before applying the cream, the affected area should be gently cleaned with mild soap and warm water, then patted dry with a soft cloth. The cream is then applied as a thin layer directly to the external hemorrhoids using a clean finger.
If the product is intended for internal use, it often comes with a specialized applicator that screws onto the tube. This applicator must be lubricated with cream before being gently inserted into the anal canal to deliver the medication to internal hemorrhoidal tissue. It is recommended to apply the cream up to four times daily, especially in the morning, at bedtime, and after each bowel movement, to ensure continuous symptomatic relief.
Adhering to the recommended duration of use is important, as most over-the-counter hemorrhoid creams should not be used continuously for more than seven days. Prolonged use can lead to skin thinning or mask a more serious underlying condition. If symptoms improve within a week, the treatment can be stopped; however, if discomfort continues past this point, medical consultation is required.
When Topical Treatment Is Not Sufficient
While hemorrhoid creams provide temporary symptom management, they do not cure the underlying condition. If a person experiences a lack of improvement after the maximum recommended seven days of consistent topical treatment, medical evaluation is needed. The persistence of symptoms suggests the hemorrhoids may be severe or chronic, requiring a different approach.
Certain symptoms should prompt a consultation with a healthcare provider sooner than the seven-day limit. Persistent or excessive rectal bleeding is a serious indicator, as it can also be a sign of other digestive conditions. Severe, throbbing pain, especially if accompanied by swelling or fever, may point to a thrombosed hemorrhoid or a possible infection. A medical professional can confirm the diagnosis and recommend non-topical treatments, such as rubber band ligation, to address the hemorrhoid itself.