Gasoline is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and various additives, including toxic substances like benzene and toluene. When gasoline contacts the eye, its inherent solvent properties act as an irritant and caustic agent. This chemical rapidly damages mucous membranes and the ocular surface.
The Immediate Impact on Eye Tissue
Direct contact with gasoline initiates a chemical burn on the eye’s surface. The hydrocarbons act as a lipid solvent, quickly dissolving the protective oily layer of the tear film. This degradation exposes the underlying epithelial cells of the cornea and conjunctiva to toxic components.
This cellular disruption manifests as acute irritation and inflammation. Initial symptoms include immediate burning pain and noticeable redness. The eye typically responds with excessive tearing and swelling of the eyelids as the body attempts to flush the irritant away. Disruption to the corneal surface can also cause light sensitivity and temporary blurred vision.
Essential First Aid Response
Immediate decontamination is the most important action to limit tissue damage. Begin flushing the affected eye with copious amounts of water immediately. Lukewarm tap water is acceptable, and the irrigation process must be maintained for a minimum duration of 15 to 20 minutes.
To ensure thorough cleansing, hold the eyelids open during the entire irrigation period so the water reaches all contaminated surfaces. If only one eye is injured, position the head so the water flows from the inner corner of the nose outward toward the ear. This prevents contaminated water from running across the unaffected eye.
If contact lenses are worn, remove them as soon as possible during the flushing process. Delaying irrigation to remove lenses first can significantly worsen the outcome. After the continuous flushing period is complete, contact the national Poison Control Center for guidance on next steps.
When to Seek Professional Medical Care
A professional medical evaluation is necessary following any chemical exposure, even after successful flushing. Gasoline exposure constitutes a chemical burn, and the full extent of the damage may not be immediately apparent. Persistent symptoms, such as continuing pain, changes in vision, or visible clouding of the cornea, require an immediate visit to an emergency room.
Medical professionals typically assess visual acuity and perform a specialized examination using a slit lamp to inspect the cornea and conjunctiva for damage. They may also use diagnostic dyes, like fluorescein, to highlight areas of epithelial cell damage. Treatment often involves prescribing topical antibiotic drops to prevent secondary infection.
If the burn is severe, a physician may prescribe topical corticosteroid drops, which must be used strictly under an ophthalmologist’s supervision. Minor exposures with superficial damage often resolve rapidly within a few days. Serious injuries require ongoing monitoring and follow-up care to prevent long-term complications like corneal scarring or glaucoma.