Burn cream is a topical medication formulated to treat minor burns, specifically first-degree or superficial second-degree injuries. Its primary function is to provide immediate relief from pain and discomfort associated with the burn. Applying the cream soothes the affected area and often reduces inflammation, which helps manage the initial symptoms. These creams also serve a protective role, creating a barrier over the damaged skin to prevent the entry of harmful microbes and reduce the risk of secondary infection.
How Burn Creams Work
Burn creams work locally by addressing the main consequences of minor thermal injury. The first mechanism is analgesia, involving ingredients that temporarily numb exposed nerve endings in the damaged skin. This numbing action provides rapid relief from the burning sensation and pain.
Another function of these topical treatments is creating a physical shield over the wound surface. The cream forms a protective layer that acts as a barrier, preventing external contaminants and bacteria from colonizing the vulnerable tissue. This barrier is important because the burn compromises the skin’s natural defense system.
Burn creams often contain components that promote moisture retention, which is crucial for skin repair. Maintaining a hydrated environment supports the natural process of re-epithelialization, where new skin cells migrate across the wound bed to close the injury. Adequate moisture keeps the tissue pliable, aiding in minimizing the appearance of scarring.
Types of Burn Treatments
Burn treatments are generally categorized based on their active ingredients and prescription requirements. Over-the-counter (OTC) options are typically used for minor, non-blistered first-degree or small superficial second-degree burns. These preparations often contain soothing agents, such as aloe vera, which moisturizes and calms irritated skin. Other OTC creams may include local anesthetics like lidocaine or benzocaine, which reduce pain perception by blocking nerve signals.
Prescription treatments are necessary for burns that present a higher risk of infection or are more extensive. The most common prescription option is silver sulfadiazine cream, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. This compound is typically reserved for moderate second-degree or third-degree burns because it is highly effective at killing bacteria and yeast that can infect deep burn wounds. Silver sulfadiazine prevents infection in compromised tissue, but its application is closely managed by a healthcare provider due to its potency.
Proper Application and Safety Guidelines
Before applying any burn cream, the injured area must first be cooled, ideally under cool (not cold) water for ten to fifteen minutes. This initial cooling step helps to stop the burning process and reduce tissue damage. After cooling, the wound should be gently cleaned with mild soap and water to remove debris, and then carefully patted dry.
The cream should be applied in a thin, uniform layer directly onto the burn, following the product’s instructions for frequency. Applying too thick a layer is generally ineffective and can impede the skin’s natural ability to breathe. Use a sterile, non-stick dressing to cover the treated area, which keeps the wound clean and maintains the cream’s contact with the skin.
Self-treatment with burn cream should be avoided, and immediate medical attention is required, in specific circumstances. Seek professional help if the burn is larger than the person’s palm or hand, or if the injury is located on sensitive areas such as the face, hands, feet, joints, or genitals. Medical care is also necessary for any deep second-degree burn with extensive blistering, or any burn that appears dry, leathery, or charred, suggesting a third-degree injury. If you notice signs of infection, such as increased pain, spreading redness, fever, or thick, foul-smelling discharge, discontinue home treatment and see a doctor.