The imprint “107” on a pill often corresponds to Buspirone Hydrochloride, an anxiolytic medication. While numeric codes alone are not definitive, this specific imprint usually indicates a particular strength of Buspirone. This substance is significant because it offers an alternative treatment path for anxiety disorders, differing fundamentally from traditional sedative-hypnotic drugs. The following information explains the identity, function, and safety profile of this compound.
Identifying the Compound and Its Primary Indication
The pill marked “107” is frequently identified as Buspirone Hydrochloride, typically in the 7.5-milligram (mg) strength. It is classified as a miscellaneous anxiolytic and is primarily approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for managing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). GAD is characterized by excessive, persistent worry and tension that interferes with daily life.
Buspirone is distinct from other anxiety treatments, such as benzodiazepines, because it lacks muscle-relaxant or pronounced sedative properties. It also carries a lower risk of dependence. Physicians prescribe this medication for patients requiring ongoing management of anxiety symptoms without the central nervous system depression associated with other drug classes. It is often considered a suitable option for long-term anxiety treatment due to its lower potential for abuse and withdrawal symptoms.
The therapeutic effect of Buspirone builds up gradually over several weeks. Therefore, it is not used for immediate, acute relief of sudden anxiety or panic attacks. It is designed to temper the underlying chronic worry and tension experienced by individuals with GAD. Although the “107” imprint may vary among generic manufacturers, its purpose as a non-sedating anxiolytic for GAD remains constant.
How the Medication Works in the Body
Buspirone achieves its anxiolytic effect by interacting with the brain’s neurotransmitter systems, primarily targeting serotonin 5-HT1A receptors. These receptors are found in brain areas involved in mood and emotion. By partially stimulating these receptors, Buspirone modulates the flow of serotonin signals.
The mechanism involves a dual action at the 5-HT1A receptors: it acts as a full agonist at presynaptic autoreceptors and a partial agonist at postsynaptic receptors. Initially, full agonism at the presynaptic site temporarily reduces serotonin release. However, with continued daily use, these presynaptic autoreceptors become desensitized. This desensitization increases the overall serotonergic tone in the brain, which contributes to the delayed onset of the therapeutic effect.
This modulation of serotonin activity distinguishes Buspirone from benzodiazepines, which enhance gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activity. Buspirone’s lack of interaction with the GABA receptor explains why it avoids the immediate sedation and motor impairment typical of drugs like alprazolam. The drug also has a weak, secondary affinity for dopamine D2 receptors, where it acts as an antagonist.
Buspirone is metabolized extensively in the liver, primarily by the CYP3A4 enzyme system. This metabolic pathway is a common site for drug-drug and drug-food interactions, which can significantly alter the medication’s concentration in the bloodstream. A major metabolite, 1-pyrimidinylpiperazine (1-PP), also circulates and may contribute to the drug’s overall effects.
Potential Side Effects and Safety Considerations
Buspirone is generally well-tolerated, but patients may experience side effects, which are often mild and temporary as the body adjusts.
Common Side Effects
Common side effects include dizziness, nausea, and headache, which typically lessen over the first few weeks of treatment. Some individuals also report feeling lightheaded or drowsy, though sedation is much less pronounced than with other anxiolytics.
Serious Safety Concerns
A serious concern is the risk of Serotonin Syndrome, which requires immediate medical attention. This can occur when Buspirone is combined with other medications that increase serotonin levels, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). Symptoms include agitation, hallucinations, a rapid heart rate, fever, and severe muscle stiffness.
Buspirone is contraindicated for patients currently taking an MAOI or who have stopped taking one within the last 14 days, as this combination significantly increases the risk of dangerously high blood pressure. Patients with pre-existing liver or kidney impairment may require a lower dosage, as slowed metabolism and clearance can lead to higher drug levels. Additionally, consuming large quantities of grapefruit juice can inhibit the CYP3A4 enzyme, substantially increasing Buspirone concentrations and heightening the risk of side effects.
Dosage Guidelines and Current Availability
Buspirone Hydrochloride is available generically as an oral tablet in strengths including 5 mg, 7.5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, and 30 mg.
The typical starting dosage for adults with GAD is 7.5 mg, taken twice daily, totaling 15 mg per day. Dosage titration is standard; the daily dose is gradually increased by 5 mg every two to three days until the therapeutic effect is achieved. The maximum recommended daily dosage is 60 mg, usually taken in divided doses.
Patients must take the medication consistently, either always with food or always without food. Consistency helps maintain stable blood levels and optimize effectiveness, as taking it with a meal can increase drug absorption.
Buspirone is not a controlled substance, which is an advantage compared to other anxiety agents. It is widely available as a generic prescription medication approved by the FDA for GAD treatment in adults. As a generic product, it is accessible and offered at a lower cost. The tablets are often scored, allowing for precise dosage adjustments as directed by a healthcare professional.