Numerous shark species inhabit the waters off the South Carolina coast, their presence being a normal, cyclical part of the local ecosystem. Understanding which sharks are most likely to be encountered near the beachfront provides a clearer perspective on sharing the coastal environment. The species present range from smaller, near-shore inhabitants to larger, transient predators that travel through deeper offshore regions.
The Most Frequently Encountered Coastal Species
The species most commonly observed in the immediate shallows near Myrtle Beach are the Blacktip, Bonnethead, and Sandbar sharks, prevalent during warmer months. The Blacktip shark, typically reaching five feet, is easily identified by the distinct black markings on its fins. These fast-swimming sharks often feed on small schooling fish and are frequently seen in the surf zone, sometimes leaping out of the water while pursuing prey.
The Bonnethead shark is the smallest member of the hammerhead family, which rarely exceeds three feet in length. Its shovel-shaped head gives it a distinct profile, and it is abundant in shallow bays and estuaries, often feeding on crabs and small fish. The Sandbar shark is also common, distinguished by its tall, triangular first dorsal fin, which originates far forward. This species is known as a “ridgeback” shark because of a prominent ridge of skin that runs between its two dorsal fins.
Larger, Transient Sharks in Offshore Waters
Larger, more transient sharks inhabit the deeper waters farther from the beach. The Great Hammerhead, the largest of its kind, can reach lengths of 15 to 20 feet and is highly migratory, occasionally moving closer to the coast in search of food. This shark is recognizable by its very tall, curved first dorsal fin and a nearly straight front margin on its hammer-shaped head.
Tiger sharks are also present in the offshore environment, with large individuals sometimes exceeding 14 feet in length. These predators are known for their broad diet and are recognizable by the dark, vertical stripes that are more visible in juveniles. The Lemon shark, named for its yellowish-brown coloration that helps it camouflage over sandy bottoms, is another large species, growing up to 11 feet long. Although they prefer shallow, subtropical waters, they are occasionally encountered in the South Carolina region.
Seasonal Movements and Feeding Habits
Shark presence in the Myrtle Beach area is tied to the annual warming and cooling of the ocean water, dictating seasonal migration patterns. The most active period for coastal species runs from May to early November, when water temperatures are highest. As the water temperature drops below approximately 68 degrees Fahrenheit in the late fall, these sharks migrate southward.
This seasonal timing also corresponds with the availability of prey, as many species follow large schools of bait fish, such as menhaden, migrating along the coast. Feeding activity is sometimes concentrated near fishing piers, which attract sharks like the Blacktip due to discarded fish scraps and entrails. These movements, driven by temperature and food availability, explain why certain species are present during the peak summer vacation season.
Understanding Risk and Minimizing Encounters
Despite the presence of numerous species, an unprovoked shark encounter in the Myrtle Beach area remains rare, with only one or two minor bites reported annually. Most interactions are believed to be cases of mistaken identity, where a shark confuses a human swimmer with its natural prey. South Carolina has not recorded a fatal shark attack since the mid-19th century.
To minimize the risk of an encounter, swimmers should observe several practical safety measures. It is advisable to avoid swimming at dawn or dusk, as these are prime feeding times when some shark species move inshore. Swimmers should also refrain from wearing shiny jewelry, as the reflected light can resemble the flash of fish scales. Staying away from areas where people are fishing or where large schools of bait fish are visible can reduce the chance of an accidental interaction.