Snakes with black and yellow stripes often capture human attention, prompting curiosity about their species. Accurate identification is important for personal safety and appreciating local wildlife.
Common Black and Yellow Striped Snakes
North America hosts several black and yellow striped snake species. Garter snakes (Thamnophis species) are widespread, found in diverse habitats including suburban backyards and near water sources. These non-venomous snakes typically have a dark background (black, brown, or green) with one to three yellow or cream stripes running lengthwise. Some individuals may display a more checkered pattern. Garter snakes generally measure between 20 to 22 inches, though some can reach up to 54 inches, and they primarily consume amphibians, earthworms, and insects.
Ribbon snakes (Thamnophis sauritus) are closely related to garter snakes but have a more slender body and a proportionately longer tail, often one-third of their total length. They feature distinct, clean yellow stripes against a dark background, and a unique white or cream crescent mark often appears in front of their eyes. These non-venomous snakes prefer moist environments like wetlands and waterbodies, where they are agile swimmers. Adult ribbon snakes typically range from 16 to 28 inches long.
Kingsnakes (Lampropeltis species) also present variations with black and yellow markings. Some Common Kingsnake subspecies, such as the Eastern Kingsnake, display black bodies with narrow yellow or white crossbands that often form a chain-like pattern. These non-venomous constrictors are known for their diet, which includes other snakes, even venomous ones. Kingsnakes generally grow to lengths of 36 to 48 inches and inhabit various environments, from forests and fields to suburban areas.
The Coral Snake (Micrurus and Micruroides species) is a highly venomous snake with a distinctive pattern of bright red, yellow, and black bands that encircle its body. Coral snakes are slender with smooth, shiny scales and a small, rounded head that is not noticeably distinct from their neck, often featuring a black snout followed by a yellow band. They typically measure 20 to 30 inches, though some can reach up to 47.5 inches, and are found in the southeastern United States in diverse habitats.
Beyond Stripes: Key Identification Features
Beyond color patterns, several physical characteristics offer clues for accurate snake identification. Body shape and size vary significantly, from the slender build of a ribbon snake to more robust garter snakes or pit vipers. Adult snakes in the United States typically range from 8 inches to 6 feet in length.
Head shape is another distinguishing feature. While a triangular head with a distinct neck is often associated with venomous pit vipers, many non-venomous snakes can flatten their heads when feeling threatened, mimicking this appearance. Coral snakes, in contrast, possess small, rounded heads that blend smoothly with their bodies.
Scale characteristics also provide insights; garter snakes have keeled (ridged) scales, while kingsnakes and coral snakes have smooth, shiny scales. The shape of eye pupils can also be informative: most non-venomous snakes and coral snakes have round pupils, whereas pit vipers typically exhibit elliptical or cat-like pupils.
Encountering a Striped Snake
When encountering any snake, maintaining a safe distance is always the recommended approach. Snakes typically prefer to avoid humans and will usually attempt to flee unless threatened or provoked. It is important to observe the animal from afar without attempting to handle, attack, or remove it.
Most snakes play beneficial roles in their ecosystems and should be left undisturbed in their natural habitats. If a snake is found in an undesirable location, such as inside a home, contact local animal control or a professional snake removal service for assistance.
In the rare event of a snake bite, seeking immediate medical attention is important. While remembering the snake’s characteristics can aid medical professionals, attempting to capture or kill the snake is not recommended and can lead to further danger.