The fuzzy fern, often sought after for its distinctive appearance, stands out among common houseplants. This tropical specimen, primarily belonging to the Davallia genus, captivates with its unique, textured appendages. The appeal lies not only in its delicate, lacy foliage but also in the unusual, creeping structures that give it its common name. The biology of these structures provides a glimpse into the plant’s natural adaptation, making it an engaging subject.
Identifying the Fuzzy Fern
The common “fuzzy fern” is most frequently identified as a species of Davallia, such as Davallia fejeensis or Davallia tyermanii. Due to the appearance of its rhizomes, it has earned several common names, including Rabbit’s Foot Fern, Deer Foot Fern, and Squirrel’s Foot Fern. These ferns are native to the tropical regions of the South Pacific, including the Fiji Islands, where they grow as epiphytes.
The foliage is characterized by delicate, triangular fronds that emerge from the creeping structures. These lacy fronds can grow up to two feet long. The plant typically ranges from one to three feet tall and one to four feet wide, making it a popular choice for hanging baskets.
The Unique Structure of the Fuzzy Rhizomes
The “fuzz” that gives this fern its name is a dense covering of fine, hair-like scales called trichomes that grow on the plant’s rhizomes. These rhizomes are specialized, creeping stems, not true roots, that grow above the soil line and often sprawl over the edge of the container. The rhizomes themselves are thick, typically measuring 1 to 2 centimeters in diameter, and can be brown or rust-colored.
This unique structure is a biological adaptation to the fern’s epiphytic nature, meaning it naturally grows anchored to the bark of trees or in rock crevices. The trichomes trap and absorb moisture and nutrients from the humid air and collected debris. The rhizome also acts as a storage vessel, helping the fern retain water to tolerate brief periods of drought.
Optimal Growing Conditions
Light Requirements
The Davallia fern prefers conditions that mimic its tropical habitat, favoring bright, indirect light. Direct sun exposure should be avoided as it can scorch the delicate fronds, leading to browning. A placement near a north or east-facing window is ideal for providing the necessary dappled light.
Water and Humidity
Maintaining consistent moisture in the potting mix is necessary, but the plant is sensitive to waterlogging, which can cause the rhizomes to rot. Water thoroughly when the top inch of soil feels dry, ensuring the pot has excellent drainage. High humidity levels are beneficial, as low humidity frequently causes the frond tips to turn brown. Because the rhizomes grow on the surface, misting them daily or placing the pot on a pebble tray filled with water helps keep the aerial structures hydrated.
Soil and Temperature
The preferred soil mix should be airy and well-draining, such as a peat-based blend, which provides the slightly acidic pH level these ferns enjoy. Temperatures should remain consistently warm, ideally between 65 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Temperatures should not drop below 55 degrees Fahrenheit to prevent the plant from shedding its fronds.
Propagation and Repotting
The most effective method for creating new fuzzy ferns is through the division of the rhizomes. This process is best performed during the spring or early summer when the plant is in its active growth phase. Use a sharp, clean knife to cut a section of rhizome that is at least two to three inches long and has one or two healthy fronds attached.
The cut section is then positioned horizontally on the surface of a well-draining substrate, such as a peat-based mix. Do not bury the rhizomes, as this will lead to rot; they can be secured to the soil surface until roots develop. Repotting is infrequent, needed only every two to three years, as the fern prefers to be root-bound.