Mouthwash is an oral hygiene product formulated for swishing and spitting, not for internal consumption. Accidental ingestion, especially a small mouthful, happens frequently. While swallowing a trace amount is usually harmless, the ingredients can pose risks depending on the volume consumed and the specific formulation of the product. This article outlines the potential hazards and the immediate steps you should take if mouthwash is swallowed.
Understanding the Potential Hazards of Mouthwash Ingredients
The toxicological concern when mouthwash is swallowed is directly tied to the concentration and volume of two primary active ingredients: ethanol and fluoride. Many mouthwashes contain ethanol, a type of alcohol, in concentrations that can be quite high. Ingesting large quantities of an alcohol-based mouthwash can lead to rapid intoxication and alcohol poisoning. This is a particular danger for children due to their smaller body size and higher sensitivity to ethanol.
The fluoride added to some mouthwashes also poses a risk of toxicity if consumed in excess. Acute fluoride poisoning can occur if a significant volume is swallowed, typically presenting with gastrointestinal distress. The estimated acute toxic dose of fluoride can be reached more easily than people might assume with concentrated products.
Other ingredients, such as antibacterial agents, surfactants, and flavorings, are generally less acutely toxic than alcohol or fluoride. However, swallowing these compounds can still cause significant irritation to the gastrointestinal tract. This irritation may result in temporary stomach discomfort, nausea, or abdominal cramping.
Immediate First Aid Steps After Swallowing
If you or another adult accidentally swallows a small amount of mouthwash, the first step is to remain calm and assess the situation based on the volume consumed. For a small, accidental gulp, the immediate goal is to dilute the product and mitigate any local irritation. You should rinse the mouth thoroughly with fresh, plain water and spit it out several times to remove any residual mouthwash that may linger in the oral cavity.
Next, follow up by drinking a small amount of water or milk to help dilute the swallowed product in the stomach and coat the stomach lining. Dilution is a simple, non-invasive method to reduce the concentration of potentially irritating or toxic ingredients within the digestive system. You should only consume a few ounces of liquid, as drinking too much could potentially worsen symptoms like nausea.
Once the initial dilution steps are complete, closely monitor the individual for any changes in their physical state or the onset of symptoms. Do not attempt to induce vomiting, as this can increase the risk of the product entering the lungs or causing further damage to the esophagus. For small, accidental ingestions, a “watch and wait” approach is typically recommended if no immediate, severe symptoms appear.
Recognizing Symptoms That Require Medical Attention
While a minor stomach upset may occur after ingesting a small amount, certain symptoms indicate a more serious toxic exposure, particularly from high concentrations of alcohol or fluoride. You must seek immediate professional help if the individual experiences severe or persistent vomiting, especially if it contains blood. Signs of central nervous system depression, such as unusual drowsiness, confusion, slurred speech, or difficulty remaining awake, also require urgent intervention.
The ingestion of a large volume of alcohol-based mouthwash can lead to symptoms of alcohol poisoning, including slow or shallow breathing, low body temperature, and impaired coordination. Additionally, severe fluoride toxicity can manifest as muscle weakness, tremors, or cardiac irregularities. If any of these severe signs are present, call emergency services immediately.
If a large quantity of mouthwash was swallowed, or if the ingestion involved a child, contact Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 for expert guidance specific to the product and situation. Having the mouthwash bottle available, which lists the ingredients and concentrations, will allow the poison control specialist to provide the most accurate advice.