Trigger finger (stenosing tenosynovitis) occurs when a finger or thumb catches or locks when bent. This is caused by inflammation and narrowing of the protective sheath surrounding the flexor tendon, usually at the A1 pulley near the digit’s base. Open trigger finger release involves a small incision in the palm to cut the constricted A1 pulley. This creates space for the tendon to glide freely, resolving the locking. The quick, outpatient surgery is highly effective at restoring normal, pain-free movement.
Managing the First Few Days After Surgery
The first 48 to 72 hours focus on managing swelling, controlling discomfort, and protecting the surgical site. A bulky dressing is applied to absorb drainage and provide protection; it must be kept clean and completely dry. Keep the hand elevated above the heart and apply ice (wrapped in a cloth) for 10 to 20 minutes every one to two hours to minimize swelling and pain.
Local anesthetic keeps the hand numb for several hours, but pain often peaks on the first or second day once it wears off. Take prescribed or over-the-counter pain medication as directed to remain comfortable. Gently wiggle the fingers frequently to promote circulation and prevent stiffness. Avoid heavy gripping or lifting anything heavier than a small coffee mug.
Key Recovery Milestones and Timeline
Initial recovery focuses on incision healing and the gradual return to light daily activities. The bulky post-operative dressing is typically removed between days two and five, allowing for wound inspection. Once the dressing is off, keep the incision site clean by gently washing it with mild soap and water.
Non-dissolvable stitches are usually removed at a follow-up appointment 10 to 14 days after the operation. The hand must not be submerged in water until the sutures are gone and the wound is fully closed. Most people can return to light, non-gripping tasks, such as driving or typing, within the first one to two weeks. Avoid any activity that causes pain or requires significant pressure on the palm.
Restoring Mobility Through Rehabilitation
Stiffness is the most common temporary side effect after trigger finger release, requiring focused effort to regain full range of motion. Start gentle, controlled finger movements on the day of surgery to prevent restrictive internal scar tissue formation. Early exercises include flexion and extension, such as making a full fist and then fully straightening the finger.
Tendon gliding exercises are important for rehabilitation, encouraging the flexor tendon to move smoothly within its enlarged sheath. These involve sequential hand positions: moving from a straight hand to a hook fist, then a full fist, and finally a straight fist. If stiffness or pain persists after several weeks, a physician may recommend formal physical or occupational therapy. Consistent, daily repetition of these prescribed movements ensures the best functional outcome.
Long-Term Outcomes and Full Recovery
The outcome of trigger finger surgery is highly positive, with success rates near 100% in eliminating the locking symptom. While locking resolves quickly, full healing takes several months. Minor swelling and stiffness may linger for three to six months. The incision scar, initially raised and red, will mature and fade over time, though it can remain sensitive for up to six months.
Patients are cleared to return to heavy gripping, lifting weights, or sports activity after about six to twelve weeks, once grip strength returns. Scar massage, using thick lotion and firm, circular pressure, is recommended to soften forming scar tissue and reduce hypersensitivity. The likelihood of the condition recurring in the same finger after a successful open release is low, reported at less than three percent.