Hummingbirds are a captivating presence in Upstate New York during the warmer months, known for their iridescent plumage and rapid wingbeats. These tiny, energetic birds, primarily the Ruby-throated hummingbird, grace gardens and natural landscapes across the region. Their seasonal appearance is temporary, as these remarkable creatures undertake an impressive annual migration.
When Hummingbirds Depart
Hummingbirds typically begin their departure from Upstate New York in late summer, with activity noticeably declining through September. While some early migrants might start moving in late August, the peak migration period usually occurs during September. By October, only a few stragglers, often young birds or those in unusually warm microclimates, are typically observed.
The exact timing of their departure is influenced by several environmental cues. Changes in the abundance of natural food sources, such as nectar-rich flowers and insects, also play a role in prompting their migration. Minor variations can occur year to year due to local weather patterns and food availability.
Why They Migrate South
The migration of hummingbirds from Upstate New York is driven by instinctual programming and a physiological need for survival. As daylight hours shorten in late summer and early fall, their internal clocks trigger migratory behavior. This instinct ensures they depart before the onset of colder temperatures in the northern regions.
Upstate New York’s colder months bring a scarcity of their primary food sources: nectar from flowers and small insects. Hummingbirds have an incredibly high metabolism, requiring constant access to energy-rich food. Migrating south to warmer climates, primarily Central America and Mexico, ensures they find abundant nectar and insects throughout the winter. This journey allows them to avoid starvation and survive until conditions in their breeding grounds become favorable again in the spring.
Helping Hummingbirds Prepare for Their Journey
Supporting hummingbirds as they prepare for migration involves providing consistent, high-quality food sources and suitable habitats. Maintaining clean feeders with a fresh sugar-water solution is beneficial. The recommended ratio is four parts water to one part refined white sugar, without any red dyes, as these are unnecessary and potentially harmful. Cleaning feeders every two to three days, or daily in hot weather, prevents the growth of mold and bacteria.
Planting late-blooming, nectar-rich flowers like cardinal flower, salvia, trumpet vine, and bee balm can also provide crucial energy. These flowers offer natural sustenance as other food sources dwindle. Providing a shallow water source, such as a bird bath or mister, offers hydration and bathing opportunities for these tiny travelers.
It is a common misconception that leaving feeders up too long will prevent hummingbirds from migrating; their migratory impulse is primarily governed by changes in daylight, not food availability. Continuing to offer food can provide late migrants or stragglers with the necessary energy reserves for their arduous journey.